Due to distinguishing characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) in terms of size, shape, chemical composition, transmittal and different applications, nanotechnology is considered as an interesting domain of research. Application of metallic NPs is important because of the diminution of dimensions and thus the unique thermal, optical and electronic properties. This research attempts to explore the synthesis of zinc oxide NPs. Zinc oxide NPs have been synthesized using cherry extract under different pH, temperature and concentration and then optimum conditions for the synthesis of them were determined. For further investigations, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared transformation spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. The solution containing zinc oxide NPs showed a major absorbance of 378 nm which confirmed the synthesis of zinc oxide NPs, and spherical morphology of NPs was observed in SEM images. Zinc oxide NP sizes were 6.5 and 20.18 nm which are obtained by UV-Vis spectra and XRD spectrum, respectively. Also, based on the FTIR spectra of the extract obtained before and after the synthesis, the existence of the reducing agents in herbal extract was confirmed. According to this study, the biological synthesis of NPs using plant extracts can be considered as a cost-effective and efficient method of biological synthesis of NPs and it could be an appropriate replacement to typical chemical methods for the synthesis of NPs.

The removal of methylene blue by activated carbon of corn husk by ZnCl 2 activation (CHAC Z) was investigated in the present study. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments. The effect of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, the particle size of CHAC Z , agitation speed, temperature, and contact time was explored. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using two widely applied isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich. Best fits were found to be Freundlich isotherm. Langmuir adsorption capacity () in 298, 308, and 318 K is 462.96, 546.45, and 662.25 mgg −1. The amount of indicates that CHAC Z has a favorable adsorption. Maximum MB removal was observed at pH 4.0. The results indicate that CHAC Z is an efficient adsorbent for removing dye from wastewater.

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In this study, nanoparticles of maghemite (c-Fe 2 O 3 ) with a mean particle size of 9 nm have been prepared by chemical precipitation method through one step. According to the high-resolution X-ray diffraction result, the as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were c-Fe 2 O 3 . The particle size of the maghemite nanoparticles was below 20 nm confirmed by transmission electron microscopy image. The particle shape was almost a sphere confirmed by transmission electron microscope.