This study investigated the concentration, source, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in farmland soil and crops around the Urumqi Industrial Park in Xinjiang, China. The total concentration of 16 different PAHs in the soil and crop samples ranged between 2.32 and 225.11 ng/g and between 132.44 and 504.03 ng/g respectively, with average values of 39.29 ± 2.39 ng/g for the soil samples and 295.81 ± 105.00 ng/g for the crop samples. The source analysis of PAHs was performed using the positive matrix factorization and ratio method and identi ed the high-temperature combustion of fossil fuels, the volatilization of petroleum, coke oven emissions, and tra c emissions as main sources of PAHs in soil. The ecological risk posed by the PAHs detected in the soil samples was within a safe range. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) value quanti es resulting from human exposure to soil containing PAH is at a safe level except for the potential carcinogenic risk to children due to ingestion exposure (ILCRs > 1.0×10 −6 ). The ILCR posed by crops exceed 1.0×10 −6 and the risk from sun ower crop was the highest. The highest ILCR values for each crop was observed for the adult female population. These results indicate that the farmland soil and crops near the Urumqi Industrial Park have been contaminated by PAHs and require urgent remediation to minimize adverse effects of exposure to carcinogens.From July 13 to 14, 2020, soil samples were collected from farmland near Midong Industrial Park. A total of 153 topsoil samples were collected (depth: 0-20 cm). Three soil samples (range: 2 m×2 m) were collected at each sampling site as a sample mix. According to the planting characteristics of farmers and the eating habits of citizens, eight representative crops including onion, cabbage, coriander, beans, spinach, celery, lettuce, and sun ower were collected near sampling points 2, 15, and 41. The distribution of the sampling points is shown in Fig. 1.The collected soil and crop samples were spread in a dark basement, dried, ground in a mortar, and passed through a 100-mesh screen. Subsequently, 10 g of crop samples and 250 g of soil samples were collected, placed in opaque, white plastic bottles, sealed, and refrigerated at -2°C for subsequent experimental analysis. Sample analysisThe analysis procedure for soil, vegetable and water samples is the same. Fifteen grams of the sample was placed in a 250-ml centrifuge tube; next, 30 ml of mixed extraction solution (V dichloromethane /V acetone = 1:1) was added to the tube and allowed to stand for 2 h. The mixture after standing is beaten for 1 min in a digital display high-speed disperser (ULTRA-TURRAX), following which, the sample was placed in a digital display water bath constant temperature oscillator (SHA-C) at room temperature (20°C) for 30 min. Then, the mixture was placed in a high-speed centrifuge (CT18RT), centrifuged at 4°C and 1000 r/min for 5 min, and 5 ml of supernatant was extracted and concentrated to near dryness. The volume was diluted t...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) will be ingested by people through different ways to threaten their health during play, so the environmental quality of the park directly affects the health of tourists and residents. Using eight typical parks in Urumqi in Northwest China as the study area, we used GC–MS to detect the PAHs content in the park surface soil and 10 common plants in the park in different seasons. The results showed that the content of PAHs in park soil in the summer was 5–6 times that in the winter, and the monomer PAHs in some park soil sampling points were higher than the soil pollution risk screening value. And the contamination level at these sampling sites was also higher compared to other sampling sites. In summer, the plants with high PAHs content in leaves are short herbs, while in winter, they are tall arbors. The PAHs of the park soil are mainly composed of high-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and are mainly of traffic origin. The proportion of low-ring aromatic hydrocarbons in the winter was significantly higher than that in the summer. The source of PAHs in plants in summer is similar to that in soil, but the source of PAHs in plants in winter is more complex. The toxicity equivalent concentration method values of soil PAHs in South Park, Zhiwu Park, Shihua Park and Toutunhe Park were higher than that in other parks. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCRs) values of some sampling points in these four parks in the summer were relatively high. The average ILCRs of adults and children in all parks reached a low-risk level in summer. The carcinogenic risk in children is much higher than that of adults.

No abstract

Using eight typical parks in Urumqi in Northwest China as the study area, we detected the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in park topsoil and 10 common plants in the park during different seasons. The results showed that the content of PAHs in park soil in the summer was 5–6 times that in the winter, and the monomer PAHs in some park soil sampling points were higher than the soil pollution risk screening value. Compared with other areas, pollution is more serious. In summer, the plants with high PAHs content in leaves are short herbs, while in winter, they are tall arbors. The composition of park soil PAHs is mainly from the source of the HMW as the source of traffic. The proportion of the LMW in the winter was significantly higher than that in the summer. The source of plants in the summer is similar to that of the soil; whereas the source of plants in the winter is more complicated. The TEQ values of soil PAHs in South Park, Zhiwu Park, Shihua Park and Toutunhe Park were higher. The NIPI values of some sampling points in these four parks in the summer were relatively high. The average ILCRs of adults and children in all parks reached a low-risk level in summer. The carcinogenic risk in children is much higher than that of adults.