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Gilgit and Chitral are thought to be most powerless against atmosphere fluctuation including flooding. The recurrence and seriousness of surges in Northern regions in the course of the most recent decade has expanded extensively. Through subjective demonstrating the paper investigates the effect of surges on normal asset subordinate groups in Northern Areas in particular Gilgit and Chitral. The outcomes show that a few attributes of the socio-social condition seem to moderate hazard and diminish defenselessness. In this specific circumstance, the part of informal communities in improving business security is fundamental. The paper reasons that both if there should arise an occurrence of occasional varieties in horticultural yield and surges, people that have successfully expanded their jobs, both occupationally and geologically, are less delicate than people who predominantly accomplish privilege to sustenance by means of product development. In any case, the peoplegetting settlements were likewise in better condition to alleviate the surge related vulnerabilities in the zone.

Osteoporosis has become a public health problem risk factor worldwide and a deliberate disease that affects both women and men equally. The main objective of this study is to explore the socio-economic status of osteoporosis patients related to the occurrence of osteoporosis— the current study conducted at federal government hospitals in Islamabad. A quantitative research method used to collect data through a well-designed questionnaire. A stratified random sampling technique used to select a sample of 400 osteoporosis patients within 35-80 years. Mann-Whitney U Test applied for a dependent, independent variable, and frequency distribution tables used for univariate analysis. Results showed that osteoporosis patients were spending more money on their household expenditures than health. The socio-economic status of osteoporosis patients is essential for the prevention of osteoporosis and their treatment. Osteoporosis is one of the major global health issues associated with socio-economic status. The present study recommended that the improvement of socio-economic status and increasing the level of education could play a vital role in reducing the risks of osteoporosis.

The objective is to assess the awareness level of hemophilia among schoolteachers. We used a closed questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional study on hemophilia knowledge. Teachers of hemophiliacs students in Faisalabad took part in the study. A Cronbach's alpha was used to validate the questionnaire (a= 0.775). 9 schools having 111 teachers consented to the study. About 86.48% of the participants were female, while 13.52% were male. High school teachers accounted for 45.94%, middle school teachers for 24.32%, and preschool teachers for 29.74%. Furthermore, 33.20% of the participants had no understanding of hemophilia, 14.50 percent had a low level of information, 35% had a fair level of knowledge, and 17.30% had a high level of knowledge. Teachers in high school were the most knowledgeable about hemophilia (11.7 %). The greatest knowledge gap was in treatment, where just almost half the percentage of the teachers (47.7%) were aware of the proper treatment for hemophiliacs. One-third of the sports teachers had no idea what hemophilia was. It was found that no teacher had the ability to provide basic first aid to hemophiliacs. A large proportion of teachers at school going hemophiliacs had little or no understanding of hemophilia, and just a few teachers knew about the disease. As a result, more educational initiatives are needed to raise critical awareness.

<p>This paper was made from my master thesis entitled "Perception about self-defense and women self-defense training". The study was conducted in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The main objective of the research was a comparison of the strategies which self-defense trained and untrained girls used to attempt for their self-protection in order to reduce the risk of violence. The study finds out the effectiveness of self-defense training towards women’s self-protection. Non random sampling technique was used to select the sample. The study used statistical techniques of analysis. The study constitute 120 respondents falling in the age range- range 18-30 years.</p> <p>The findings support the hypothesis that women who take self-defense training are better equipped with physical and mental skills which allows her to defend herself from assailant than a woman who did not have training. Self-defense training, increased confidence, self-efficiency in women and reduce the chances of victimization.</p><br>