Despite being curable reproductive tract infections (RTIs) including sexually transmitted infections continue to be a major health problem in developing countries. The present study was undertaken to know the prevalence of trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, and actinomycosis in rural and urban women of Haryana by using wet mount, PAP smear, and fluorescent microscopic examination. Patients suspected of suffering from bacterial vaginosis were given treatment and were not included in the study. RTIs were seen in 16.6% of urban and 28.7% of rural women. The highest prevalence seen was that of trichomoniasis in both rural (24.2%) and urban (15.7%) women, followed by candidiasis (4.2% in rural and 0.6% in urban women), genital herpes (0.3% in rural and 0.2% in urban women), and chlamydiasis (0.02% in rural and 0.05% in urban women). Pelvic actinomycosis was seen in 1.4% of rural and 0.06% of urban women using intrauterine contraceptive devices. Mixed infection of Trichomonas vaginalis with Candida spp. was seen in 6.3% of rural women only. It is desirable to have a baseline profile of the prevalence of various agents causing RTIs in a particular geographic area and population which will help in better syndromic management of the patients.

Introduction: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is found most commonly in the liver and lungs, but no organ is immune. Patients with hydatid cysts at unusual locations present with atypical presentations and pose a diagnostic dilemma. Case presentation: A 25-year-old woman presented with complaints of pain in the lower abdomen. Ultrasonography revealed cystic disease of the ovary. An exploratory laparotomy was done and the ovary with the cyst was removed. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed on histopathology. Conclusion: Primary involvement of the pelvic organs, especially the ovary, is very rare in hydatid disease. A high index of suspicion is required in order to make a correct diagnosis pre-operatively to prevent spillage of the cyst contents during surgery.

Background: During the last many years, hysteroscopy has become the gold standard while evaluating the vagina, cervix, cervical canal, and uterine cavity. It is the process of viewing and operating in the endometrial cavity from a transcervical approach, offering the advantage of direct visualization of the uterine cavity while giving the option of collecting histological biopsy samples under visual control. Some of the common indications for hysteroscopy have been in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, recurrent pregnancy losses, uterine anomalies and suspected Asherman's Syndrome. Aims and Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of screening, diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy in sub-fertile, infertile, premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Material and Methods: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. Results: Maximum number of women belonged to 25-35 years age group. A total of 5(10%) women found to be in elderly age group i.e. between 66-75 years. Mean age of the study population was 37.04±14.59 years. Majority of women were suffering from heavy menstrual bleeding and uterine septum i.e. 7(14%) each followed by endometrioma with fibroid, Asherman's syndrome i.e. 6(12%) women. Recurrent abortions, ovarian cyst, endometrial hyperplasia and submucous fibroid were observed in 2(4%) women, respectively. Conclusion: Hysteroscopy has replaced blind diagnostic procedures and is now considered the goldstandard technique for the diagnosis and management of intrauterine pathology. We recommend that Gynecologists in clinical practice should be familiar with the use of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of the sub-fertile, infertile, premenopausal and postmenopausal patients.

Background: For majority of women labor starts spontaneously at or near term and result in vaginal delivery, however because of medical or obstetrics complications of pregnancy, labor induction is often required. Subjects and Methods: 72 pregnant women at term in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the subjects were randomly assigned into two groups sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol (50 mcg) given every 6 hrs. Results: The mean age of patients was 24.48±8.67 years in sublingual group and 25.02±8.97 years in the vaginal group. The mean period of gestation was 38.26±11.23 weeks in sublingual and 38.86±1.33 weeks in the vaginal group. The mean Bishop was 3.42±1.07 in sublingual group and 3.72±1.72 in the vaginal group. Conclusion: Induction of labor, vaginal misoprostol is preferable to sublingual misoprostol when used in equivalent dosage of 50 mcg.