The estimated disease burden of ischemic heart disease in Pakistan is in millions and discovery of cardioprotective agents of organic origin has great importance to decrease the financial burden on society. Objective: The study was designed to analyze and grade histopathological changes in experimental model of myocardial infarction. Study Design: This was an experimental randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration: The study was organized at King Edward Medical University and University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore for a period of 180 days. Methodology: During initial 14 days, cont-group and Isopro-group were treated with 1 ml normal saline, while Citric-250 and Citric-500-group were treated with citric acid at 250 mg and 500 mg per-kg-body-weight respectively. Isoproterenol (85mg per-kg-body-weight) was injected subcutaneously for induction of acute myocardial infarction in all rabbits except for cont-group. Histopathological analysis was done, serum-C.K-M.B (creatine-kinase-M.B), serum-L.D.H (lactate-dehydrogenase) and cTn-I (cardiac.troponin-I) were recorded at the end of experiment. S.P.S.S software (statistical package for social sciences) was applied for statistically analyzed of data. Results: Isopro-group showed augmented odema, infiltration and necrosis in myocardium on histopathological study along with elevated level of C.K-M.B, L.D.H and cTn-I as compare to other group. Citric-250 and citric-500-group showed significant recovery with reduced odema, infiltration and necrosis in myocardium on histopathological analysis along with lesser values of C.K-M.B, L.D.H and cTn-I as compare to Isopro-group. Practical Implication: Consumption of citric acid protects from acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion: It is concluded that citric acid possesses strong cardioprotective potential. It reduces the myocardial injury during infarction in term of edema, infiltration and necrosis that help myocardium to survive during ischemic condition. Keywords: Citric acid, Isoproterenol, Formalin, cTn-I, Infiltration and Myocardial Infarction.

Background: H Pylori infection is associated with multiple conditions of gastroenterology like gastritis, mucosal ulcer and dyspepsia. Due to emergence of resistance against conventional therapeutic agents, new treatment regimens have been introduced and are superior to the older one. Objective; Compare P-CAB dependent dual therapy vs PPI dependent triple therapy against H. Pylori infection Methodology: Sample size was 400 patients, segregated into P-CAB -group and PPI-group randomly. P-CAB -group was treated with 1gm amoxicillin 8 hourly and Vonoprazole 20-mg 12 hourly daily for 4 weeks. PPI-group was treated with 1-gm amoxicillin, 500-mg clarithromycin and 20-mg Lansoprazole 12 hourly daily for 4 weeks. After four weeks of therapy, stool antigen test for H Pylori was performed to confirm H Pylori eradication. Patient with negative stool antigen test for H Pylori was labeled recovered and vice versa. Collected data was analyzed using window application SPSS (statistical package of social Sciences software). p value under 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among P-CAB -group, 89 % patients become free from H.Pylori, while 11% patients could not recover from H.Pylori infection in spite of the same treatment. Similarly 69.5% patients of PPI-group recovered and 30.5% patients could not get rid of H.Pylori infection. Conclusion: It is concluded that P-CAB dependent dual therapy is more effective than PPIs dependent triple therapy against H.Pylori infection. Keywords: Lansoprazole, Proton Pump inhibitor, Potassium-competitive acid blocker, Vonoprazan, H. Pylori infection.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the in hospital outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in male versus female. Methodology: The cross sectional comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care setting. Using non probability sampling a calculated sample of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) undergoing CABG were enrolled. After getting their informed consent, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables were entered in the predesigned performa and the patients were observed for the difference in mortality and morbidity in both groups during hospital stay. Results: In this study 50 male and 50 females were enrolled with mean age of 54.21±8.03 years. Pulmonary complications were the most common (14%) following postoperative wound infection (12%), atrial fibrillation (10%), low cardiac output syndrome (5%), renal failure (4%), neurologic complications (4%), postoperative MI (4%) and stroke (1%). No complication other than postoperative wound infection was found statistically significant. Conclusion: Through this study we found no significant difference in in-hospital outcome. Only post-operative infection was significantly higher in female cases than male. Hence, the perception regarding in hospital outcome doesn’t relate to gender in current study. Keywords: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, In-hospital outcomes, Wound infection