Forest management affects carbon sequestration (mitigation) and resilience of forest ecosystems (adaptation) under climate change. Therefore, the efforts to integrate these two approaches have been made by the political arrangements to seek the synergy effects and deal with trade-offs. To study the state of the art linkages and forest policies to realize both adaptation and mitigation, we systematically review the literature highlighting the topic (136 publications) and outline two different approaches from Germany and Japan as countries with substantial forest resources and high influences on international forest policies and wood trade. We identify three linkages: (1) an ecosystem (based) approach assuming that a resilient ecosystem (adaptation), has high potential as a carbon sink (mitigation), (2) a sustainable forest management (SFM) aiming for enhancing forests' resilience and carbon sink potential simultaneously, and (3) a crosssectoral approach generating synergies among multiple sectors of agriculture, forestry, urban design, and nature conservation. We find that a significant objective is still SFM for sustaining the forest area andwood production, where SFM examples in Germany and Japan exemplify contributions to carbon sinks and ongoing disaster risk management, respectively. Overall, the current differentiated objectives of SFM do not underpin the twofold approach and their synergy effects.

In this chapter, we explore how applying a feminist political ecology (FPE) lens to ageing shows how ageing experiences are relational and dynamic processes of embodying everyday practices and ethics of care. We apply writings on post-capitalist community economies and rupturist gerontology and FPE intersectional thinking and link them to two studies of ageing in Japan and Uruguay. We analyse ageing as part of dynamic socionatural relations and the ethics of care including the agentic roles played by miso, machines, fungus, climate, and politics. Our chapter shows how the role played by socionatural relations in ageing experiences demands more careful attention.

Elderly women in depopulating and aging rural Japan confront their everyday challenges collectively through business practices based on kokorozashi -altruistic entrepreneurial practices through which they generate livelihoods and improve collective well-being. Drastic demographic changes and intensified economic globalization in the 1980s provoked precarity in rural livelihoods that depend on natural resource management. These changes simultaneously have opened up opportunities for women to start businesses assisted by state policies for rural revitalization and women's empowerment. Previous studies have examined different contributions and pathways that rural women's businesses have made to collective well-being. These studies rarely investigate how ethics come into play in collective natural resource management and its constitutive relationships among commons, subjectivities, and more-than-human elements. Drawing on a postcapitalist feminist political ecology's approach to commoning, we investigate power dynamics and intersecting affective processes, including those related to gender, aging bodies, rurality, and more-than-human elements and demonstrate how ethical subjectivities and morethan-human communities are emerging in aging and depopulating rural Japan.