The Gendered Racism Scales for Asian American Men (GRSAM) was developed to assess the frequency and stress level of gendered racism perceived by Asian American men. The development of the new measure was grounded in the Intersectional Fusion Paradigm. This paradigm explains individuals' experiences of discrimination based on unique combinations of multiple interlocking identities that individuals experience simultaneously. In mixed samples of college students and community adults, GRSAM's factor structure as well as evidence of convergent validity, criterion-related validity, discriminant validity, incremental validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability was examined. Exploratory factor analyses revealed three dimensions of GRSAM: Psychological Emasculation, Perceived Undesirable Partner, and Perceived Lack of Leadership. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that a bifactor model was a better fit to the data than a correlated three-factor model and a higher-order model. Results of correlation and regression analyses further provided evidence for different aspects of construct validity and internal consistency. Both the Frequency and Stress versions of GRSAM positively predicted psychological distress and somatic symptoms above and beyond the effects of general racism experienced by Asian Americans and masculine gender role stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Despite mounting interest in the psychology of gratitude, scholarship on the clinical applications of gratitude to psychotherapy has been fairly limited. Therefore, the aims of this article are to describe the Gratitude Group Program, the first known therapeutic model to focus on the cultivation of gratitude as its core goal, as well as to provide preliminary evidence for its effectiveness. Grounded primarily in positive psychology, but also in an assimilative integration of cognitive-behavioral, existential, narrative, and interpersonal perspectives, the Gratitude Group Program is a psychoeducation therapeutic group intervention that addresses diverse facets of gratitude. Evidence from a preliminary, one-group, prepost design study showed a significant and clinically meaningful decrease in psychological distress and increase in state gratitude, satisfaction with life, and meaning in life among college students who participated in the group program. Moreover, the effect sizes for decreases in psychological distress at the conclusion of the group program (d ϭ 1.19) and 30 days later (d ϭ 1.37) are comparable to that found in previous research on psychotherapy in university counseling centers. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Clinical Impact StatementThis study suggests that participation in a brief psychoeducational group program that focuses on cultivating gratitude may improve people's mental health. At the end of five group sessions (1.5 hr per session), college students reported decreased psychological distress and increased gratitude, satisfaction with life, and meaning in life.
Chinese international students are the largest international student body (33.19%) in the United States. However, career services on college campuses are underutilized by this population despite their pressing needs for career guidance. Chinese international students’ expectations about career counseling may explain the disconnection between needs and service utilization. Although clients’ expectations about counseling have been studied extensively, no study has focused on Chinese international students’ expectations about career counseling. The current qualitative study surveyed 58 Chinese international students by using 10 open-ended questions that inquired about their expectations, including preferences and anticipations, about career counseling. Findings highlighted a number of needs and expectations for career counseling, such as outcome-driven activities, specificity of services, rapport with counselor, taking assessments, and culturally sensitive services. Clinical implications for career services on campus and future directions for research were discussed.
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