Encouraged by research documenting improved reading comprehension when the components of text structure are realized by students who are deaf or hard of hearing (e.g., Kluwin & Papalia, 1989; Schirmer & Bond, 1990), the researchers analyzed 28 texts retold by the same second-grade deaf child. Methodology provided for analysis of transcripts of the child's weekly text retellings across a Baseline Phase, Intervention Phase 1, and Intervention Phase 2 of data collection. Initially, stimulus for the retellings was provided by narrative and expository text in a second-grade basal reader adopted by the school and used by staff in the child's deaf education program, in keeping with the district's inclusion philosophy. During Intervention Phase 2, instructional-level stories were added and analyzed. Quality of adult mediation was manipulated during intervention. Improvements in the child's ability to include specific elements of text structure were documented over 9 months. A 12-month increase in reading ability and improved narrative ability (evidenced by school district curriculum-based assessment) were also documented.

This chapter reports on a study that investigated the knowledge and skills for teaching English learners (ELs) that in-service teachers displayed during their participation in an online community of practice. Teachers' conversations were analyzed using a priory and inductive codes. Findings showed that teachers demonstrated an understanding of practices that support ELs in overcoming language demands that disciplinary content standards in the U.S. pose, including promoting ELs' participation, teaching language within content and in the four modes, assessing ELs' progress during instruction, and offering differentiated language scaffolds. The online community of practice offered in-service teachers an environment in which they engaged in learning tasks related to theories that they had learned and to their practice. Online communities of practice can facilitate information flow, peer collaboration, and content application in teacher preparation programs. However, tasks need to leverage technology tools affordances and to establish equitable participation expectations.

This study contributes to a growing research base investigating how teachers interact and learn from each other in online communities of practice. It specifically investigates the online mentoring conversations between five cohorts of in-service mentor teachers that participated in graduate-level courses about language pedagogy and their mentee pre-service teachers, while they discussed effective practices for English learner (EL) students. The authors used qualitative methods to ask what types of knowledge and skills related to ELs' instruction the participating mentor teachers displayed when they were situated in the role of online mentors of mentee pre-service teachers. Findings showed that mentor teachers demonstrated knowledge and skills in adjusting general learning strategies to support ELs, in applying language development strategies to teach academic language in English, and in using emotional strategies to offer ELs a welcoming environment. Findings also showed that mentor teachers found a favorable space in the online mentoring environment to position themselves as teacher leaders and ELs' advocates.

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