Introduction: Cervical Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. It affects the patient's, physical and psychological state which results in lower quality of life (QoL). Women with cervical cancer may require counselling and time to enable them to deal with the disease and its treatment. The present study aimed to determine the quality of life and its determinants among cervical cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken from April 2017 to September 2017 in a regional cancer centre in South India. Cervical cancer patients (N= 210) with histological confirmation were interviewed at the hospital. European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire core module, QLQ-C30 Version 3.0, and recommended scoring algorithm were used to measure and analyse QoL. The Association of socio-economic determinants on quality of life was evaluated using multiple logistic regression. Results: Among 210 cervical cancer patients enrolled, the majority 106 (50.5%) of women were between the age group 46 to 59 years and most, i.e. 167(63.0%) were not literate. The median score in the global health status was 50.0 in physical functioning, and 83.3 ] in pain symptoms respectively which were poor compared to reference score of EORTC for all normal females and those with any cancer. The factors which were significantly associated with the GHS QoL score were the advanced stage of disease (OR:2.1, 95%CI: 1.1 -3.9) and the age of the patients ≥60 years compared with ≤ 45 years (OR:18.4, 95%CI: 6.8 -50.1). Conclusion: Cervical cancer patients had poor global health status compared to the reference score for all females with any cancer and the normal females. Advanced stage of cancer and older age have a significant association with QoL.

Background: Oral cancer is one of the major health problems in India. Patient delay in seeking medical help usually contributes to late stage at diagnosis, high mortality and low survival. Our study aims to find the time span from first onset of oral cancer symptoms to cancer specific primary treatment.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2015-September 2016 in one of the tertiary care cancer center in Bangalore. Histopathologically confirmed 212 incident oral cancer patients were interviewed using a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire.Results: The median time span between onset of symptoms and seeking medical care was 60 [IQR 30, 104] days, the median time between seeking medical care and diagnosis was 30 [IQR 15, 90] days, and the median time between diagnosis and initiation of treatment was 20 [IQR 12, 33] days.Conclusions: There is considerable delay in seeking cancer specific primary treatment among oral cancer patients. Efforts should be undertaken to increase awareness in the population and all stakeholders regarding symptoms and improve early diagnostics and access to care.

Reports of increasing rates of cancer of the corpus uteri in several countries prompted this analysis of time trends. This study reports the trends in the incidence rate of cancer of the corpus uteri in Indian women. The data published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and/or publication by the individual registries served as the source material. The mean annual percentage change in the incidence rates was computed using the relative difference between two time periods (latest and furthermost) and estimation of annual percentage change (EAPC) was also computed by the Poisson regression model. In 1998-2005, the incidence rate of cancer of the corpus uteri [age standardized rate (ASR)], was highest in Delhi and lowest in Pune and Imphal West (4.4 and 0.0 per 100,000 woman-years, respectively). The incidence rate in most of the registries between the two time periods showed an increase with few exceptions. Estimation of EAPC carried out in Mumbai, Chennai, and Bangalore PBCRs for the period 1983-2002 showed statistically significant increases in crude rate, ASR, and age-specific incidence rates (ASIR). The largest EAPC in ASR was in Bangalore (6.4%) and the smallest in Chennai (1.8%). Incidence trends for cancer of the corpus uteri appeared to result from an increase in the prevalence of risk factors and in improvement in diagnostic procedures. Most cancer of the corpus uteri is environmental in origin. Limiting fat consumption and avoiding excess energy intake may result in some reduction in the incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri.

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Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has seen a dramatic increase in incidence globally. In 2019, colorectal cancer accounted for 1.15 million deaths and 24.28 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. In India, the annual incidence rates (AARs) for colon cancer was 4.4 per 100,000. There has been a steady rise in the prevalence of CRC in India which may be attributed to urbanization, mass migration of population, westernization of diet and lifestyle practices and a rise of obesity and metabolic risk factors that place the population at a higher risk of CRC. Moreoever, CRC in India differs from that described in the Western countries, with a higher proportion of young patients and more patients presenting with an advanced stage. This may be due to poor access to specialized healthcare and socio-economic factors. Early identification of adenomatous colonic polyps, which are well-recognized pre-cancerous lesions, at the time of screening colonoscopy has been shown to be the most effective measure used for CRC prevention. However, colonic polyps are frequently missed during colonoscopy and moreover, these screening programs necessitate man-power, time and resources for processing resected polyps, that may hamper penetration and efficacy in mid- to low-income countries. In the last decade, there has been significant progress made in the automatic detection of colonic polyps by multiple AI-based systems. With the advent of better AI methodology, the focus has shifted from mere detection to accurate discrimination and diagnosis of colonic polyps. These systems, once validated, could usher in a new era in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) prevention programs which would center around “Leave in-situ” and “Resect and discard” strategies. These new strategies hinge around the specificity and accuracy of AI based systems in correctly identifying the pathological diagnosis of the polyps, thereby providing the endoscopist with real-time information in order to make a clinical decision of either leaving the lesion in-situ (mucosal polyps) or resecting and discarding the polyp (hyperplastic polyps). The major advantage of employing these strategies would be in cost optimization of CRC prevention programs while ensuring good clinical outcomes. The adoption of these AI-based systems in the national cancer prevention program of India in accordance with the mandate to increase technology integration could prove to be cost-effective and enable implementation of CRC prevention programs at the population level. This level of penetration could potentially reduce the incidence of CRC and improve patient survival by enabling early diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we will highlight key advancements made in the field of AI in the identification of polyps during colonoscopy and explore the role of AI based systems in cost optimization during the universal implementation of CRC prevention programs in the context of mid-income countries like India.