The age group of positive cases of H1N1 was between 21 and 30 years and age group of patients who died ranged from 40 to 45 year. This overview indicates that although the majority of hospitalized persons infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) recovered without complications, certain patients had severe and prolonged disease. It was also noted that 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection - related clinical illness predominantly affects young patients. All hospitalized patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) infection should be monitored carefully and treated with antiviral therapy. Mandatory vaccination of health-care workers is especially important in emerging pandemic.

AIM: This study was performed to assess the prevalence of dry eye in type 2 diabetic patients, to co-relate the same with type of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. METHODS: 398 type 2 diabetic patients referred to Diabetes clinic were consecutively selected. All were taken detailed history pertaining to dry eye, other diseases and drugs. All were subjected to dry eye questionnaire using ocular surface disease index (OSDI), detailed slit lamp evaluation to note those with tear break up time (TBUT) of less than 10 seconds , corneal and conjunctival staining with lissamine stain score by oxford system and Schirmer's I test when less than five millimeter in five minutes at least in one eye. . All the subjects underwent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) estimation, indirect ophthalmoscopy and retinal color photography using Topcon TRC 50DX. DR was graded according to early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy (ETDRS) criteria. RESULTS: Of 398 subjects, 160(40.2%) were men and 238(59.8%) were women. Average age of the patients was 54.2 years (range, 27-81years). Out of 398 patients, 280(70.35%) patients had diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 216 (54.3%) patients had dry eye (p value-<0.01). Dry eye was more common in patients beyond 55 years (p-value <0.001) and females (p-value <0.1). The association between dry eye and diabetic retinopathy showed, out of 216, 38.2% (26 of 68) was the dry eye prevalence in mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) while, 90.9% and 96% respectively were the prevalence of dry eye in severe NPDR and PDR patients (p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dry eye in diabetics was 54.3% and has significant association with severe DR and glycosylated hemoglobin. Hence, examination for dry eye should be an integral part of the assessment of diabetic eye disease.

The elderly population, aged above 60 years, are prone to various chronic and concurrent diseases. This requires prolonging medication usage, often with complex regimens which affect their medication-taking behavior, compliance, adherence, and overall prognosis of the disease. Thereby, an accurate assessment of adherence behavior and its complimentary factors, prescription analysis are necessary for effective and efficient treatment planning and an overall improvement in the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of the elderly population. Our study was aimed to comprehend the HRQOL and medication adherence pattern of the elderly. One hundred and thirty-three subjects with a mean age of 66.68 ± 5.49 years were recruited for the study and were assessed for their HRQOL, medication adherence, and the factors influencing medication adherence. Relevant data were collected, questionnaires were administered, and appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Our findings demonstrated that there is a noticeable change in the HRQOL of the elderly population. It was also found that subjects were highly adherent to their medications, but certain factors played a major role in influencing medication non-adherence. This implies the importance of determining factors affecting HRQOL, medication adherence, adequate prescription analysis, and promoting and practicing rational use of drugs that can significantly optimize therapy and provide a good prognosis of disease for the elderly population.

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The most shocking situation which is the cause of sorrow for the whole universe is Covid-19. This virus was first detected in Wuhan City, China. This pandemic has shown its ramification on us in different ways and in different ways in this world. We are recently facing the second wave of Covid-19. Till the date there is no full proof medicine for corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), but scientists around the world have succeeded in developing some vaccines which would help to protect us against the deadly virus (SAR-CoV-2). It is very much important for us to improve our physical as well as mental conditions, the best way to do so is by doing physical exercises, yoga , maintain proper diet, drinking plenty of water and maintain distance from others. Covid-19 mostly affects our lungs. People experience physical problems like breathing problem , chest pain, cold, fever etc. due to covid , and those people having serious symptoms are more prone to death. Yoga is one of the best way for improving the immunity as prescribed by several doctors, scientists, virologists and even by the scientists of WHO. Many Researches have been conducted and it shows yoga improves immunity, improves respiratory competence, mental power and increases body’s strength which is very much essential to fight against covid virus. In this study focus has been given on the importance of yoga in fighting against covid.