Background and Aim: Swamp buffaloes play an important role in the rural economy of Indonesia. They consume various forages during their grazing time, including those with anti-parasitic potential. However, the information about the type and quality of forages and their potential as a natural anthelmintic for swamp buffalo is very limited. This study aimed to identify the diversity, quality, and anthelmintic potency of forages consumed by swamp buffaloes reared in Bantarkawung Subdistrict, Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Samples of forages were obtained during three observation periods of the study, with a 12-week interval between each period. Forage diversity was evaluated by identifying its consumption by swamp buffaloes during their grazing activity in the field and feeding time in their shed. The quality of forages was analyzed using proximate analysis to measure their dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFat), and ash contents. This is followed by the calculation of their total digestible nutrient based on the proximate analysis results. Botanical composition analysis was then conducted to measure the predominance of forages consumed by the livestock during their grazing activity. Literature reviews were carried out to explore forage’s anthelmintic activity. Results: The results showed that swamp buffaloes consume nine species of forage in the shed and 47 in the grazing area, including nine legumes, 18 grass, and 20 others. Swamp buffaloes consumed forages of lower quality, which contained high CF contents and varying levels of other nutrients below their daily nutritional needs. The grazing activity allowed swamp buffaloes to consume a higher variety of forages with better nutritional quality, thereby enabling them to meet their nutritional needs. Legumes and other forages served as the major protein sources, providing CP of 20.03% DM and 11.53% DM, and CF levels of 17.01% DM and 20.35% DM, respectively. The results also showed that the consumption of these forages increased during the rainy season. The predominant species of legumes consumed were Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia spp., while Alternanthera sessilis and Merremia umbellata were the predominant species of other forages. A total of 13 of the 47 species could potentially be used as natural anthelmintic due to their secondary metabolites, namely, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, diterpenoid, and mimosine. These compounds exert anthelmintic effects by inhibiting egg-hatching and larval development, as well as damaging the surface structure of both larvae and adult worms, ultimately leading to the death of the parasites. Conclusion: Overall, swamp buffaloes consumed more variety of forages during grazing compared to when they were kept in sheds. While the low-variety and low-quality forages provisioned for swamp buffaloes in their shed resulted in a low nutrient intake below their daily requirement. Furthermore, daily grazing activities allowed swamp buffaloes to fulfill and supplement their need by consuming a variety of grasses, legumes, and other forages in their respective grazing areas. Some of these forages also have the potential to become natural anthelmintic because they contain secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, diterpenoids, and mimosine. Keywords: forages, herbal anthelmintics, Indonesia, nutrition, pastoral, swamp buffalo.

Strongyloidiasis is a nematode parasite with broader distribution proved to infect humans and animals. Strongyloides ratti common endoparasites infected rodent as the most adaptive population in various environments. We have currently raised concerning the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) situations in Indonesia. This study aimed to understand the incidence of Strongyloides spp. infecting wild rodents in Malang City during October to December 2021 by stratified random sampling. A total of 50 rats (Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus diardii, Mus musculus), 26 male (52%) and 24 female (48%). Following 12 juveniles (24%) and 38 adults (76%). Coprology examinations use floatation and sedimentation methods immediately after the gastrointestinal tract's stool collection (GITs). We also administered a limited survey to get responses from 80 people (housewives, sellers, employee, and students) to obtain risk transmission, public awareness, and attitudes. We were continually analyzed data using the chi-squared and Fisher Exact Test. The microscopic examination of stools was 28% positively detected S. ratti. Our study found an association presented between the age of rats and Strongyloidiasis infections (p<0.05). However, the gender of rats did not have a significant association (p>0.05) to the S. ratti several infections. In addition, most participants did not understand the zoonotic disease and these infections, indicating a low-level knowledge 71 (88%), because better education supports the increase of awareness. However, almost all participants have good practice of hygiene and sanitation toward COVID-19 situations 72 (90%). The further study recommends investigating Strongyloidiasis infections in another species and increasing the education program for housewives and sellers in a traditional marketplace to have better knowledge.