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A highly sensitive microfluidic sensor based on a microfiber-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MAMZI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the detection of low-concentration glucose solution. A segment of microfiber tapered from standard single-mode fiber (SMF) is spliced between two SMFs with pre-designed lateral offset to constitute the miniaturized MAMZI probe. The transmission spectral response to environmental refractive index variation has been experimentally investigated for glucose concentration ranges of 300 mg dL−1 to 3000 mg dL−1 and 0 to 270 mg dL−1 and the glucose concentration detection limit is 3 mg dL−1, and the experimentally observed transmission spectral responses are in accordance with our theoretical simulation results. Owing to its high sensitivity, non-enzymatic operation method, ease of fabrication and compact size, our proposed MAMZI for glucose sensing is anticipated to be employed in biomedical applications.

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An in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a magnetic fluid-filled multimode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) fusion spliced into two standard optical fibers was proposed. The interference is induced by the two core mode LP01 and LP11 due to the special air hole structure of PCF, which is insensitive to bending and the Figure 15 Gain/loss graph of 3-way active phase shifter. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com]