In-Line Microfiber-Assisted Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Microfluidic Highly Sensitive Measurement of Salinity

Xie, Nanjie; Zeng, Hao; Liu, Bo; Liu, Haifeng; Liu, Ting; Wang, Chao

doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2869273

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…OFOF bio-chemical sensors based on MZI have been investigated for several decades, and various types of structures have been reported, including microcavities, [215,216] microfibers, [217][218][219][220][221] and other types of fibers. Other types of fibers include thin-core fiber, [222] TCF, [223] HTCF, [45,46] dual sidehole fiber (DSHF).…”

Section: Structures and Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the microfluidic channels can protect the fragile microfiber from the interference of surrounding environment, and on the other hand, it can furnish micro/nano-level samples for the microfiber, thereby assisting the microfiber to achieve a highly sensitive microfluidic measuring with good stability and reproducibility. [104] Depending on different sensing schemes, MZIs based on microfibers can be classified into four types: MZI based on biconical taper fiber, [220,226,227] MZI based on square-microfiber, [228] microfiber-assisted MZI (MAMZI), [85,219,221] and microfiber-capillary MZI. [95,97] Biconical taper microfibers, with diameters ranging from a few hundred nanometers to a few microns, are typically formed by heating with flame, electric or CO 2 laser and drawing.…”

Section: Mach-zehnder Interferometer Based On Microfibermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Fiber Optofluidic Bio‐Chemical Sensors: A Review

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Optofluidic, as an emerging technology that combines photons and microfluidics, has become a powerful, intelligent, and universal sensing platform in the field of bio-chemical sensing. Optical fiber optofluidic (OFOF), as a branch of optofluidic technology, has stimulated a host of remarkable achievements in the field of bio-chemical sensing due to its superiority of compact structure, immunity to electromagnetic interference, low sample consumption, high sensitivity, and real-time dynamic response. In this paper, an overview of OFOF bio-chemical sensors is presented. The OFOF system architectures are introduced and some advanced functional materials and coating technologies that can be utilized in the OFOF sensing platform to achieve high-performance biochemical sensing are summarized. Research progress and current status of OFOF bio-chemical sensors based on various sensing mechanisms are summarized and analyzed, with emphases on their sensing principles, sensing structures, sensing applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Lastly, the existing challenges and future development trends of OFOF biochemical sensors are briefly discussed.

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Section: Structures and Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mach-zehnder Interferometer Based On Microfibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fiber Optofluidic Bio‐Chemical Sensors: A Review

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Their hand-held microfluidic device was calibrated to detect conductivities in the range of 0.33–14.64 mS/cm, corresponding to relatively high salt levels of 165–7320 ppm, which is not suitable for drinking water monitoring. In another effort, Xie et al 27 presented a salinity sensor based on integrating microfluidics and optical fiber-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometry. The study showed a high sensitivity detection for a 40–31000 ppm range of NaCl but was inept below 40 ppm, which is needed in the drinking water application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Resistive Microfluidic Salinity Sensor for High-Precision Detection of Drinking Water Salt Levels

2022

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Rapid, inexpensive, and precise water salinity testing remains indispensable in water quality monitoring applications. Despite many sensors and commercialized devices to monitor seawater salinity, salt detection and quantification at very low levels of drinking water (below 120 ppm) have been overlooked. In this paper, we report on optimization of a low-cost microfluidic sensor to measure water salinity in the range of 1–120 ppm. The proposed design employs two copper microbridge wires suspended orthogonally in a PDMS microchannel to measure salinity based on the electrical resistance between the wires. The preliminary design of the sensor microchannel with a rectangular cross-section width ( w ) of 900 μm and height ( h ) of 500 μm could measure the water salinity in the range of 1–20 ppm in less than 1 min with detection sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 17.1 ohm/ohm·cm , 0.31 ppm, and 0.37 ppm, respectively. Data from the preliminary design was used for developing and validating a numerical model which was subsequently used for parametric studies and optimization to improve the sensor’s performance. The optimized design demonstrated an order of magnitude increase in sensitivity (385 ohm/ohm·cm), a 6-fold wider detection range (1–120 ppm), and a 15-fold enhancement in miniaturization of the microfluidic channel ( w = 200 μm and h = 150 μm) with LOD and LOQ of 0.39 and 0.44 ppm, respectively. In the future, the sensor can be integrated into a hand-held device to remove present impediments for low-cost and ubiquitous salinity surveillance of drinking water.

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“…NTERFEROMETRIC fiber sensors (IFSs) are widely used for measuring external environmental parameters, including gas refractive indices [1], temperature [2,3,4], strain [5,6], salinity [7], glucose [8], force [9] and respiration [10], because of their many advantages, such as low cost, simple fabrication, small size, anti-electromagnetic interference and high sensitivity/resolution. Generally, IFSs can simultaneously measure dual parameters [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

Ling

Tian

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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This study firstly proposes and experimentally demonstrates a phase demodulation method with high sensitivity for interferometric fiber sensors (IFSs) on the basis of the fast Fourier transform of a wavenumber domain. The phase information of IFSs triggered by changes in environmental parameters is obtained by calculating the initial phase variation of a specific Fourier-transformed spatial frequency. Theoretically, phase sensitivity can be improved by n times when the optical path difference (OPD) of a spatial frequency peak is increased by a multiple (n times) of the OPD of other spatial frequency domain peaks. To verify the method experimentally, this study designed a large laterally offset spliced sensor formed by common singlemode fibers on the basis of mode interference. The sensing characteristics of temperature and strain in each set of two-beam interference are analyzed simultaneously by calculating the phase sensitivities of the frequency domain peaks. Furthermore, the highest reported temperature and strain sensitivities of 0.0795 rad/°C and −0.0088 rad/με, respectively, with good repeatability are realized.

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In-Line Microfiber-Assisted Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Microfluidic Highly Sensitive Measurement of Salinity

Abstract: The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Optical Fiber Optofluidic Bio‐Chemical Sensors: A Review

Optical Fiber Optofluidic Bio‐Chemical Sensors: A Review

Low-Cost Resistive Microfluidic Salinity Sensor for High-Precision Detection of Drinking Water Salt Levels

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

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