Tc-MIBI Stability of liquid phase kit Myocardial imagingThe 99m Tc-MIBI radiopharmaceutical has been used in nuclear medicine in Indonesia for myocardial imaging. BATAN researchers have mastered the technology to manufacture MIBI as a liophylized kit. A reformulation of MIBI radiopharmaceutical has been conducted to improve the stability of the kit especially in the liquid-phase kit. Basically, radiopharmaceuticals in liquid form are not different from the dry kit. However in the manufacturing of liquid-phase kit, lyophilization process was not done. To improve the stability of liquid kit, a reformulation of the components was conducted by using two separate vials (Formulation 2) and the characteristics were compared with the one-vial formulation (Formulation 1). The MIBI Formulation 2 consists of two vials, vial A containing 0.06 mg of SnCl 2 2H 2 O and 2.6 mg Sodium Citrate 2H 2 O and vial B containing 0.5 mg of [Cu(MIBI) 4 ]BF 4 , 1 mg of cysteine hydrochloride, and 20 mg of mannitol. The purposes of this study were to determine the stability of two different formulations of MIBI as a liquid-phase kit, to compare their stability in different storage condition such as in refrigerator and freezer, and to compare the ratio of activities attained between target and nontarget organs after injection to animal model. As a diagnostic agent, MIBI was reconstituted with Technetium-99m as radionuclide tracer to 99m Tc-MIBI labeled compound. The radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-MIBI was determined by chromatography method using alumina thin-layer chromatography paper as the stationary phase and ethanol 95% as the mobile phase. The results showed MIBI Formulation 2 has a higher stability than Formulation 1. Formulation 2 also maintained a 96.68% radiochemical purity under 52-day storage and attained a target-to-nontarget activity ratio of 8.22.

Radiosynovectomy is an innovative medical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis joints. A small amount of beta-emitting radiopharmaceutical is injected into the joint with intra-articullar route of administration. An ideal radionuclide for this treatment is beta emitter whose minimal gamma ray emission, tissue penetration between 5 10 mm, has short half life, high chemical purity and non-toxic properties such as Rhenium-188. For delivering the radionuclide to the specific target site in the synovial tissue and preventing the leakage to the lymph, an ideal carrier as particulate or colloidal compounds is requaired. A silica-based nanomaterial called M41S-NH2was developed as therapeutic carriers by Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology, Yogyakarta. The advantage of M41S-NH2is biocompatible and not toxic to human body. As a preliminary experiment, M41S-NH2was labeled using Technetium-99m which has a similar chemical properties with Rhenium-188. The radiolabelling performed in this system is the indirect method. The purpose of this research is to obtain the highest radiochemical purity of radiolabeled99mTc-M41S-NH2by using two co-ligands such as ethylenediaminetetraasetic acid (EDTA) and sodium pyophosphate (PYP). Some parameter such as pH, ratio of SnCl2to co-ligand, ammount of reductor agent, ammount of M41S-NH2were optimized in those experiments. Radiochemical purity determination was conducted by ascending paper chromatography method using Whatman 31-ET as stationary phase and physiological saline (NaCl 0,9%) as mobile phase. The optimum condition obtained from the investigation were by using 10 μg PYP as co-ligand, 10 μg SnCl2as reductor agent, pH 9, and 10 minutes in room temperature as incubation time. More over the highest radiochemical purity obtained from those labeling experiments is 93.42± 0.06 %.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis merupakan bakteri tahan asam penyebab penyakit tuberkulosis (TB). Bakteri ini menyerang paru dan organ lain, seperti tulang, kulit, kelenjar getah bening, kelenjar tiroid, dan saluran urogenital. M. tuberculosis sangat mudah resisten terhadap obat anti tuberkulosis, sehingga berdampak pada sulitnya pengobatan penyakit TB secara tuntas. Resistensi yang terjadi umumnya diakibatkan oleh adanya mutasi. Deteksi resistensi M. tuberculosis terhadap INH dengan menggunakan teknik PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) untuk mengetahui adanya mutasi gen katG M. tuberculosis telah dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Kali ini dilakukan uji resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap kombinasi INH dan etambutol dengan menggunakan senyawa bertanda 99m Tc-etambutol secara in-vitro. Pengujian resistensi M. tuberculosis meliputi pemberian kombinasi obat INH dan etambutol pada M. tuberculosis, inkubasi, penambahan kadar antibiotik INH di minggu ke-2 pengamatan, penambahan senyawa bertanda 99m Tc-etambutol, dan pencacahan radioaktivitas. INH yang ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tabung adalah 1 μg/mL, sedangkan kadar etambutol yang ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tabung adalah 2 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, 6 μg/mL, dan tanpa penambahan etambutol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa M. tuberculosis yang telah diinduksi oleh INH dan etambutol masih dapat tumbuh secara bertahap selama 4 minggu inkubasi, sedangkan % uptake radioaktivitas 99m Tc-etambutol dan 99m Tc-perteknetat cenderung menurun dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi INH dan etambutol.