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We examined the activation of intraperitoneal T cells in BALB/c mice by the Escherichia coli enterotoxin B subunit, which induced a specific Th2 type of T-cell response to intraperitoneally coadministered bovine immunoglobulin G. The numbers of both ␥␦ and ␣␤ T cells increased significantly after intraperitoneal administration of the B subunit in a time-dependent manner; these numbers were not affected by the B-subunit G33D mutant, which is defective in GM 1 ganglioside-binding ability. Early after administration a small number of ␥␦ T cells produced either interleukin-4 (IL-4) or gamma interferon, while late after administration primarily IL-10-producing ␥␦ T cells were detected.