The present study was carried out for 35 days to assess the effect of selenium (Se)-yeast feeding on amelioration of simulated heat stress and reproductive performance of sheep. Twelve adult Malpura ewes were divided into two groups viz., G1 (n=6, control) and G2 (n=6, Se-yeast supplemented). The ewes of G2 were provided with Se at 0.3 mg/kg feed dry matter (DM) through Se-enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevesiea). The animals were stall fed individually with a diet consisting of 70% roughage (Cenchrus ciliaris) and 30% concentrate. All the ewes were estrus synchronized using intra-vaginal progesterone sponges+eCG protocol. To simulate heat stress, the ewes were kept inside the psychometric chamber and were exposed to different temperature at different hours of the day. Supplementation of Se-yeast had no significant effect on physiological response. Higher glucose and a lower protein level was found in the Se-yeast supplemented group under heat stress. Plasma metabolic hormone and cortisol level was higher in G1 as compared to Se-yeast supplemented ewes. Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was 10.62% higher in G2 as compared to the G1. Estrus percentage and estradiol level was higher in G2 as compared to the G1. From the findings of the present experiment, it is pertinent to conclude that the level of Se enriched yeast fed in this study have limited potential to ameliorate heat stress. However, different doses of Se could be tried in sheep to improve resilience against heat stress.
Objective: To determine the adverse effects of formula milk in infants presented to our institution. Study Design: Retrospective/observational Place and Duration:The study was conducted at Paediatric Department of Liaquat University Medical Hospital Jamshoro and Civil Hospital Khairpur Mir's. Methodology: Total 85 formula-fed infants of both genders with ages upto 2 years were included in this study. Detailed demographics including age, sex, weight, residence and socio-economic status were recorded after taking informed written consent from guardians/parents. Adverse effects such as iron deficiency, low weight, gastroenteritis, type I diabetes mellitus and autoimmune disease were examined. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: There were 45 (52.94%) females whiles 40 (47.06%) were males. Mean age was 1.86±1.02 years. 52 (61.18%) patients had urban residence and majority 50 (58.82%) had high socio-economic status. Iron deficiency was found in 38 (44.71%) infants, 32 (37.65%) infants had abnormal low weight, 24 (28.24%) had gastroenteritis/diarrhea, 18 (21.18%) infants had type I diabetes and 14 (16.47%) infants had autoimmune disease. Conclusion: It is concluded that formula milk was associated with many of adverse effects, the most common was iron deficiency and low weight. Mothers should be aware of these adverse effects of formula fed. Keywords: Formula Milk, Infants, Iron Deficiency, Low Weight, Infection, Type I Diabetes
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