Introduction: Some studies have highlighted the effect of COVID-19 infection on the quality of sleep; however, the data is limited. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of insomnia in patients who recently recovered from the COVID-19 infection to evaluate the prevalence and extent of its impact.Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021. A total of 500 patients admitted to the intensive care unit or isolation unit of COVID-19 were included in the study at the time of their discharge. The pre-COVID-19 sleep quality of the participants was inquired using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Post-COVID sleep quality was assessed at a 30-day follow-up. Sleep quality was considered poor if the global score was ≥5. Participants that failed to follow up were not included in the study.Results: The mean PSQI score was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 group compared to the pre-COVID-19 group (6.28 ± 2.11 vs. 3.22 ± 0.80; p-value <0.0001). The percentage of participants with a PSQI score of ≥5 was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 group compared to the pre-COVID-19 group (45.1% vs. 12.1%; p-value <0.0001).Conclusion: Insomnia has a significant prevalence in recovered COVID-19 patients after 30 days of followup. Hence, patients need to be counseled to follow up in case they experience poor sleep. To avoid the longterm negative impact on patients experiencing insomnia, timely identification and treatment are important.

The purpose of this article is to explore the factors and importance of training for developing the employees and focus that how HR technology and e. practices help the HR consultants to make the training more efficient, and what type of technology used in training, and how to improve the training that helps in employees development. The data collection is done by online questionnaire. For this study, 305 respondents fill the questionnaire, and for data, use the primary data. For the imperial foundation of this article, we use the PLS software for analysis. The analysis found that the training plays an essential role in developing the employees. There are positive responses of people about the role of technology and training in organizations. Many employees agree that they need training in the organization to benefit both employees and the company. For this study, we collect the data from different responses and use the convenient approach. This study's challenge is what types of technology improve the quality of training and how employees understand it easily. Training the employees becomes more proactive and how they influence the activity.  JEL Classification Codes: O15, N7, P36, J54.

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Background: The knee is the body's largest joint, and it can be affected by a variety of conditions including meniscal tears, ligament and bone damage, ulcerations, ruptures, and dislocations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is defined as a screening tool for identifying Knee Pathologies without the need for arthroscopy. Objective: To determine the frequency of knee joint pathologies on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Lahore, Pakistan. Material and Methods: Data was collected following inclusion criteria using convenient sampling technique. A total of 140 Patients undergone Knee MRI scans on MRI Machine 1.5T Phillips. Data was collected from Radiology Department of Sharif Medical city and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Frequencies of Knee pathologies were mentioned. For Categorical Data like Age Groups and Gender Mean, Median and Standard Deviation was applied. Results: Results were based on 140 Participants who had Knee Scan. In which the Male Patients were 57.1% and 42.9% Females. The highest frequency was in 36-45 among four Age groups having 54.3%. In Knee Pathologies the common Meniscal Injuries in Medial & Lateral have Longitudinal Tear as 18.6% & Horizontal tear as 12.9%. In Collateral Ligaments MCL have 7% Mesniscofemoral and LCL has 5.7% Mesniscofemoral Ligament Injuries. In ACL injuries 21.4% have complete rupture and 10% Partial Rupture in PCL. Patella has 27.1% chondromalacia while popliteal tendon has complete rupture of 8.6%. 15.7 Patients have Irregular Cartilage and 12.9% Ulceration. General and Local Synovitis in Synovia was 8.6%. Conclusion: In conclusion MRI diagnosis will enable patients to avoid arthroscopic interventional contrast procedures. The finding of this research supports the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of internal knee diseases.

Background. Thalassemic patients have deteriorated quality of life, which affects their social status, leisure activities, ability to focus on task or series of task and relationships. Objectives. The objective of this study is to find factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that either hinder or augment the effectiveness of therapy in thalassemia patients in Pakistan. Material and methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 178 children and adolescents with thalassemia in Lahore, Pakistan. The clinical characteristics of patients were recorded by checking medical records, and HRQoL was calculated using the PedsQL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) scale. Results. The average of the total summary score of the study population was 63.91 (SD: 15.52). For the subscales of the PedsQL score, it was revealed that the social functioning score was 10.24 (SD: 5.55), school functioning score was 10.66 (SD: 4.75), emotional functioning score was 10.68 (SD: 3.78), physical functioning score was 14.84 (SD: 15.52) and general health functioning score was 17.49 (SD: 3.15). It was shown that age, rural residence, as well as serum ferritin, urea and AST levels, were significantly associated with HRQoL. White blood cell count, red blood cell count, platelet count and alanine transaminase were not significant predictors of HRQoL. Conclusions. keeping in mind the current scenario in Pakistan, our study revealed that there is a need for improvement in thalassemia treatment management. For this, a modification of healthcare services can improve HRQoL, and thus improve the percentage of treatment outcomes in thalassemic patients.