Introduction: Double J stent is one common armamentarium used in urological procedure. It can serve both therapeutic and prophylactic function. However the use of double J stent is invariably associated with minor to some of major complications. Forgotten DJ stent is one untoward issue of stenting patient that is largely preventable and entails complex urological procedure to remove it. Methods: We performed descriptive study where data were collected prospectively from patients who have double J ureteral stent in situ after urological procedure. Stent left more than three months was defined as forgotten DJ stent. Demographic characteristics, clinic-radiological data and details of management were noted to evaluate the mode of presentation, associated complications and mode of treatment. The reason behind forgetting those stent was asked with study population and presented.Results: The total of 27 cases of forgotten DJ stent cases were recorded during period of December 2013 to January 2018. Mean age of patient was 46.6 ± 12.25 years. The longest indwelling time was 10 years. Stent syndrome was common mode of presentation followed by encrustation. Majority (92.5%) of the patients were managed with endourological approach and 26% (7) of cases required more than one modalities of treatment.Conclusions: The forgotten stent is an avoidable condition through proper patient counselling. When required the management necessitates simple cystoscopic to complex endourolgical intervention.

INTRODUCTIONUrethral stricture refers to anterior urethral disease, a scarring process involving the spongy erectile tissue of the corpus spongiosum, also referred to as spongiofibrosis 1 . 80% of strictures that are secondary to instrumentation occur at the membranous urethra. The other 20% generally occur at the penoscrotal junction. A study done by Palminteri et al 2 on 1439 patients with urethral stricture showed that 675 patients (46.9%) had stricture in the bulbar urethra and very few had penile plus bulbar urethral stricture. Before the 21 st century, the majority of urethral strictures resulted from urethritis or sexually transmitted diseases. Post inflammatory strictures are seldom seen in todays developed world. Instead, urethral strictures may be from: prostatectomy, perineal trauma, urethral catheterization, idiopathic/unknown, TUR, hypospadias, pelvic fracture, urethritis, cystoscopy and lichen sclerosis 3 . Kashefi et al 4demonstrated that an estimated 3.2 urethral injures per 1000 inpatients were secondary to traumatic catheterizations. Stein et al 5 in retrospective study involving 2589 patients showed that the most common cause for stricture was idiopathic at 41.3% followed by iatrogenic at 35%. In the other study done by Stein et al 5 in India the most common cause was traumatic at 36%. In patients younger than age 45, hypospadias surgery, idiopathic, lichen sclerosis and pelvic fracture are among the most common causes of urethral strictures. 3Urethral stricture remains complicated surgical problem for mankind since ancient time and thus the treatment remains to evolve. In the history, the earliest recorded attempt to treat the stricture was metal dilator. Later on it was replaced by blind internal urethrotome by Civiale and Ottis in 18 th century but had not gained much popularity because of their complications and poor result. Since then, the practice of dilatation has not changed significantly. DVIU was popularized after the initial report of Sachse in 1972. In the 1980s, the concept of intermittent self-dilatation (ISD) following DVIU took shape in order to decrease stricture recurrence.

Introduction: Neurogenic bladder (NGB) is common in daily urological practice; however, information on types of urological complications encountered in army and veterans are not under strict surveillance and little is known to them about the best way to manage the condition. This observational study aimed to determine the types of urological complications encountered in regular soldiers and veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) with NGB, and the usage of bladder management programs to deal with NGB.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts and records of interviewed patients with SCI in our urology clinic. Demographic data collected included: age, gender, mode of injury and level of spinal injury. Also noted were episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI), renal lesions, and bladder program followed.Results: The mean age of our study sample (N= 63) was 40± 10.8 years and all were male. Age at onset of injury was 33.8 ± 16.6 years and duration since SCI insult was 90.6 ± 54 months. Symptomatic urinary tract infection (75%), chronic cystitis (53.3%), hydro-nephrosis (36.5%) and urinary bladder calculi (33.3%) were the common urological lesion observed.  Indwelling Foley’s catheterization methods of urinary bladder management in 54% study population where urinary tract infection is more common (p<0.05).Conclusion: Urinary tract infection, hydro-nephrosis and Urinary bladder calculi were the most common urological complications encountered in army and veterans with NGB. Indwelling Foley’s catheter was the most frequently used bladder management program with the higher risk for UTI.

Introduction: Neurogenic bladder (NGB) is common in daily urological practice; however, information on types of urological complications encountered in army and veterans are not under strict surveillance and little is known to them about the best way to manage the condition. This observational study aimed to determine the types of urological complications encountered in regular soldiers and veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) with NGB, and the usage of bladder management programs to deal with NGB. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the charts and records of interviewed patients with SCI in our urology clinic. Demographic data collected included: age, gender, mode of injury and level of spinal injury. Also noted were episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI), renal lesions, and bladder program followed. Results:The mean age of our study sample (N = 63) was 40 ± 10.8 years and all were male. Age at onset of injury was 33.8 ± 16.6 years and duration since SCI insult was 90.6 ± 54 months. Symptomatic urinary tract infection (75%), chronic cystitis (53.3%), hydro-nephrosis (36.5%) and urinary bladder calculi (33.3%) were the common urological lesion observed. Indwelling Foley's catheterization is a method of urinary bladder management in 54% study population where urinary tract infection is more common (p < 0.05).Conclusions:Urinary tract infection, hydro-nephrosis and Urinary bladder calculi were the most common urological complications encountered in army and veterans with NGB. Indwelling Foley's catheter was the most frequently used bladder management program with the higher risk for UTI. RESULTSThe mean age of all male of our study sample (N=63) was 40 ± 10.8 years (range 23 to 63 years).Average age at onset of injury was 33.8 ± 16.6 years (range 19 to 55 years) and duration since SCI insult was 90.6 ± 54 months (range 13 to 180 months). The most common cause of injury was fall from height (47%) followed by blast injury (30% management in patients with SCI, it is now the practice method preferred. 14 None of our patient was instructed for CIC and overall incidence of symptomatic UTI/year was 75%. Western literatures revealed the overall incidence of symptomatic UTI between 30% to 65%. 12,13 CIC is a superior method for preserving bladder c o m p l i a n c e a n d p r e v e n t i n g u p p e r t r a c t complications associated with low compliance