Highlights The relative importance for serious side effects was the highest among all attributes. Mothers express more WTP for the quadrivalent vaccine compared to bivalent due to its protection against genital warts. Quadrivalent vaccination could be the most suitable candidate for implementation in the national immunization schedule.

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Background & objectives: cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality around the whole world. However, there is limited information on its economic costs in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic costs of coronary heart disease in Iran in 2014. Methods: The diseases costs were calculated based on the incidence approach using a bottomup method and a community-oriented perspective. The drug cost information was obtained from angiographed patients (607 cases) in Shahid Modarres Hospital using simple random sampling method. Other information like disease incidence, distribution of patients, treatment patterns, length of stay and mortality rate was gathered from the literature, interview with patients, consultation with specialists, questionnaire, ministry of health and statistical center of Iran. Results: Coronary heart diseases impose a significant economic burden in the range of 4,715 and 4,908 billion dollars (210,037,860,000,000-201,778,425,000,000 rials) upon Iran economic system. The medical costs and the costs of lost productivity due to premature death were calculated at USD 3.572 billion (152,863,740,000,000 rials) and USD 933 million (39,927,735,000,000 rials) respectively. The major part of medical costs was related to angioplasty costs (47%) and the minor part was related to drug costs (1.15%). Conclusion: Coronary heart diseases impose a lot of financial costs to Iran healthcare system which cover more than 16% of whole healthcare financial costs. It is possible to streamline all consequential costs due to coronary heart disease by means of economic and effective use of resources and widespread self-care plan.

Background: Despite increasing global attention to the national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program, this program is controversial in Iran. Evidence indicate that HPV vaccination is not cost-effective in Iran. Using cost-effectiveness analysis for decision-making about public health interventions such as vaccination is debated, because its potential bene ts may not t this framework. Our objective was to evaluate economic effects of HPV vaccination by cost-bene t analysis (CBA). In this case, we used bivalent and quadrivalent in Iran in 2020.Methods: We performed a CBA from a societal perspective. We used two approaches of the vaccine's

Background: Socioeconomic status, as a major determinant of health, has a considerable impact on the cancer survival rate. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors on the 5-year survival rate for the most common cancer types in 56 countries. Methods: In this ecological study, 5-year survival data for gastric cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and leukemia during the period of 2005-2009 and socioeconomic factors including gross domestic product (GDP), life expectancy, literacy rate, urbanization and healthcare expenditure were extracted from the CONCORD-2 study and the World Bank database, respectively. multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the model with the ordinary least-squares (OLS) method using Stata 14 software. Results: The GDP coefficient for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia was positive and significant. No correlation was identified between gastric, colon, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancer and GDP. Gastric, colon, breast, and prostate cancers had a positive and significant correlation with life expectancy. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between lung cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia and life expectancy. There was no correlation between cancer survival rate and literacy rate, or urbanization. There was only a positive correlation between prostate cancer and healthcare expenditure. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant relationship between gastric and ovarian cancers and socioeconomic variables. Finally, GDP and life expectancy had the most significant impact on cancer survival rates. Conclusion: Different countries can play a key role in increasing cancer survival rates by implementing policies to improve economic and social factors.