A novel application of nanoparticles of paramagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) as an efficient catalyst for carbon-carbon bond formation via the Sonogashira-Hagihara reaction under heterogeneous ligand-free conditions in ethylene glycol (EG) is des-A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G cribed. By using this catalyst, arylalkynes are produced from the reaction of aryl iodides and activated heteroaryl bromides with alkynes. The results are reproducible using the catalyst, which was prepared from different sources. The catalyst is easily separated by an external magnetic field from the reaction mixture. The separated catalyst can be recycled for several consecutive runs without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.

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An active and stable magnetically separable Pd nanocatalyst was prepared and characterized. The nanocatalyst exhibited excellent activities and reusabilities in aqueous phase processes including the O-arylation of phenols and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The proposed protocol features mild reaction conditions and an extraordinary simplicity and efficiency using NaOH as base in water. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See

In this article, we have developed a new protocol for the thioarylation of structurally diverse alkyl bromides such as benzyl, cinnamyl, n-octyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, and tert-butyl bromides with aryl iodides, bromides and an activated chloride using thiourea catalyzed by copper(I) iodide in wet polyethylene glycol (PEG 200) as an eco-friendly medium in the presence of potassium carbonate at 80 and 100 8C under an inert atmosphere. The process is free from foul-smelling thiols which makes this method more practical for the thioetherification of aryl halides. Another important feature of this method is the variety of alkyl bromides which are commercially available for the in situ generation of thiolate ions with respect to the existing protocols in which the less commercially available thiols are directly used for the preparation of arylthio ethers.