Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the process of regeneration of damaged salivary glands due to ionizing radiations by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation that have been given hypoxic preconditioning with 1% O2 concentration. Materials and Methods Stem cell culture was performed under normoxic (O2: 21%) and hypoxic conditions by incubating the cells for 48 hours in a low oxygen tension chamber consisting of 95% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: two groups of control and two groups of treatment. A single dose of 15 Gy radiation was provided to the ventral region of the neck in all treatment groups, damaging the salivary glands. BM-MSCs transplantation was performed in the treatment groups for normoxia and hypoxia 24-hour postradiation. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was done using normality test, followed by MANOVA test (p < 0.05). Results There was a significant difference in the expression of binding SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl-2 (p < 0.05) and also the activity of the enzyme α-amylase in all groups of hypoxia. Conclusion BM-MSCs transplantation with hypoxic precondition increases the expression of binding SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl-2 that contributes to cell migration, cell survival, and cell differentiation.

Objective Mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum) is an abundant natural marine resource of Indonesia, which can be explored for treating periodontal disease due to its potential as immunoregulatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Purpose To investigate the active compound from Indonesian mangrove leaf extract (A. corniculatum) (MLE) for developing a herbal-based mouthwash through in silico and in vitro studies. Materials and Methods Phytochemistry and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were done to explore the active compounds in MLE. Chemistry screening and interaction, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), molecular docking simulation, and visualization of MLE active compounds as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial were investigated in silico The inhibition zone of MLE against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) as periodontopathogenic bacterias was performed by diffusion method. Doxycycline 100 mg was used as a positive control, as a treatment group, there were five groups, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% MLE. Results Alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, tannin, and quinone were detected in MLE. A high concentration of (-)epicatechin and coumaric acid (CA) were found in MLE. MLE in 100% concentration has the most effective ability to inhibit Fn, Pg, Aa growth in vitro. (-)-Epicatechin has a higher negative binding affinity than CA that can enhance heat shock protein (HSP)-30, HSP-70, HSP-90, interleukin-10, and FOXP3 and also inhibit interleukin-6, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and dectin in silico. Conclusion MLE of A. corniculatum has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities that can be a potential raw material for developing a herbal-based mouthwash.

Context: The most common biomaterial used for dental implants is titanium. However, the release of metal ions and the risk of allergic reactions to metals that may occur in some patients cannot be avoided. Hydroxyapatite-polymethylmethacrylate (HA-PMMA) composite biomaterials are proposed to have potential as dental implant biomaterials due to their mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. HA-PMMA may induce osseointegration, biocompatible, less allergic reactions, and no metal ions released. In addition, HA-PMMA can be obtained from Indonesia’s abundant natural resources. Aims: To explore HA-PMMA composites through molecular docking as a biomaterial candidate for dental implants in silico. Methods: Structure data format (sdf), molecular weight, and identity number (CID) of HA-PMMA ligand samples were obtained from PubChem database and minimized through OpenBabel. 3D structure, selection method, resolution, atom count, weight, sequence length, and ID protein BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin on RCSB-PDB native ligand and water sterilization on PyMol were carried out with the aim of to maximize the formation of binding affinity during molecular docking simulations. Results: HA-PMMA composites can enhance the activity of proteins associated with osseointegration such as BMP-2/4/7, AP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin in silico. HA-PMMA composites have the strongest binding to osteonectin and are predicted to enhance the AP activity in silico. Conclusions: HA-PMMA composites are potential candidates for dental implant biomaterials with the osteointegration ability through binding with BMP-2/4/7, AP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin in silico.

Objective This study was aimed to investigate RGCBE extract as antioxidant and anti–peri-implantitis bacteria through in vitro study and its potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibone resorption, and proosteogenic through in silico study. Materials and Methods Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction, molecular docking simulation, and visualization of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and coumaric acid (CA) as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial were investigated in silico. Inhibition zone by diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of RGCBE extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) were done. Statistical Analysis the analysis of variance (ANOVA) difference test, and the post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Different (HSD) with a different significance value of p<0.05 Results GCA and CA compounds are good drug molecules and it has low toxicity. Chlorogenic acid have higher binding activity than coumaric acid to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, receptor activation NF-κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, runt related transcription factor (RUNX2), receptor activator nuclear Kappa beta Ligand-osteoprotegrin osteocalcin (RANKL-OPG), osteocalcin, nuclear factor associated T-cell 1 (NFATc1), tartate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), peptidoglycan, flagellin, dectin, Hsp70, and Hsp10 protein. RGCB ethanol extract has high antioxidant ability and it has MIC, MBC, and inhibit the growth of Aa, Pg, Fn, and Pi at 50% concentration with significantly different (p=0.0001 and<0.05). Conclusion RGCB ethanol extract has high antioxidant ability and 50% RGCB ethanol extract may act as strong anti–peri-implantitis bacteria in vitro. In addition, CGA in RGCB potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibone resorption, and proosteogenic in silico.

Context: Oral manifestations that arose from COVID-19 infection often causes morbidity and systemic drug administration is less effective. Roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is one of the plants that is often used in infusion as it gives health benefits. Hence, H. sabdariffa may benefit from adjuvant therapy to treat oral manifestation due to COVID-19. Aims: To investigate the potential of H. sabdariffa anthocyanins, tartaric acid, and ascorbic acid chemical compounds as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and increasing tissue regeneration in oral manifestation due to COVID-19 infection in silico. Methods: Chemical compounds consisted of anthocyanins, (+)-tartaric acid, and ascorbic acid beside target proteins consisted of ACE2-spike, Foxp3, IL-10, IL6, IL1β, VEGF, FGF-2, HSP70, TNFR and MDA-ovalbumin were obtained from the database, ligand samples were selected through absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology analysis, then molecular docking simulations, identification of protein-ligand interactions, and 3D visualization were performed. Results: Anthocyanins, tartaric acid, and ascorbic acid are the active compounds in H. sabdariffa, which act as antioxidants. The activity of anthocyanin compounds is higher than other compounds through value binding affinity, which is more negative and binds to specific domains of target proteins by forming weak binding interactions that play a role in biological responses. Anthocyanins have the most negative binding energy compared to tartaric-acid and ascorbic acid. Conclusions: Anthocyanins act as antioxidants; this mechanism increases heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), which may play an important role in increasing wound regeneration of oral manifestation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as documented in silico.