O presente estudo analisou a evolução da implementação do Plano de Ação para Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal (PPCDAm). Para tal, foi realizada análise de: publicações científicas que caracterizam o problema identificado; documentos que compreendem a Fase I (2004-2008), a Fase II (2009-2011) e a Fase III (2012-2015) do PPCDAm; avaliações realizadas sobre a Fase I (realizada por Abdala, 2008) e sobre a Fase II do PPCDAm (realizada por Ipea; GIZ; Cepal, 2011); e impactos do PPDCAm na redução do desmatamento. Conclui-se que o PPCDAm trouxe resultados significativos para a contenção do desmatamento na Amazônia Legal, mas ainda se fazem necessários aprimoramentos para que sejam alcançados os objetivos de promoção de atividades sustentáveis na região. •

No abstract

Land use dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon are complex, non-linear and temporally and spatially dissimilar. Divergences arise from the debate concerning which factors led to the recent decline in deforestation in the region. Hence, the present study aimed to shed light on the synergy that led to the reduction of deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon from 2005 to 2013. The methodology employed consisted of collecting and analysing primary data (interviews) and secondary data (literature review and compilation of existing statistical data). The results indicate that the basal factors for the decline in deforestation were: (i) the absence of incentives for deforesting large areas due to low beef and soy commodities prices from 2005 to 2007; (ii) the promulgation of the Decree 6321/07 and of the Central Bank Resolution 3545/08; (iii) the creation and expansion of existing protected areas; and (iv) the improvement of monitoring and surveillance practices in the region through the use of data generated by the Detection of Deforestation in Real Time (DETER) system. The secondary factors were market-oriented and cultural elements, associated with the launch of the Soy Moratorium, the Beef Moratorium and the embargo of farms were illegal deforestation was detected. Climate variables have not exerted influences in deforestation rates, but in anomalously dry years forest fire numbers increase significantly. The synergy that resulted in lower deforestation rates might be exhausted in future scenarios by a myriad of elements, such as the increased demand for commodities; the paving of new roads and construction of ports; the fragility of the implementation of environmental legislations; the development of new economic activities in the region; and the absence of socioenvironmental politics aimed at land reform settlements. Thus, it is recommended that the existing successful mechanisms to fight deforestation are improved, and new ones are created so that it is possible to maintain low deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon.

No abstract