<p style="text-align:justify">Grolnick and Ryan assume that an autonomy supportive environment leads to higher learner engagement and thus to greater achievements and deeper understanding of content. In school, knowledge acquisition (rote learning as well as conceptual learning) are regarded as most important. In this study, we examined the effects of teachers’ autonomy supportive vs. controlling behavior on knowledge acquisition as measured by reproduction as well as at higher cognitive levels. The sample consisted of seventh graders (N=85; M=12.85 years; SD=1.6 years). One week in advance to the teaching unit, the students were tested for prior knowledge using two knowledge tests. Test 1 used multiple-choice items to address rote learning and Test 2 used an open response format to address conceptual learning. One week after the teaching unit, the same knowledge tests were used to assess the learning outcome. Analysis of the knowledge tests suggests that the students taught in an autonomy supportive environment develop greater conceptual knowledge than those taught in a controlling environment. Rote learning was not affected.</p>
When it comes to biology lessons in Germany, girls generally exhibit higher levels of self-determined motivation than boys. Previous research suggests that fostering student autonomy could be a way to effectively address this gender gap. To investigate gender-related effects in biology education, a sample of 303 sixth-grade students (Mage = 11.31 years, SDage = 0.58 years) participated in a 3-h teaching unit on harvest mice that was taught in either an autonomy-supportive or controlling manner. The results revealed a significant effect of the treatment on self-determined motivation, with the effect being stronger for the boys. In the treatment with controlling teaching behavior, gender-related differences in self-determined motivation became apparent. In contrast, the gender gap was mainly smaller in the treatment with autonomy-supportive teaching behavior. Thus, the results suggest that satisfying the need for autonomy appears to be an effective means to help bridge the gender gap in biology lessons.
Zusammenfassung. Gemäß der Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation kann die intrinsische Motivation von Schülerinnen und Schülern durch autonomieförderliches Lehrerverhalten begünstigt werden. Autonomieförderliches Verhalten ist unter anderem durch den Verzicht auf externe Anreizbedingungen gekennzeichnet. Eine Umsetzung derartigen Lehrerverhaltens erweist sich im Regelunterricht als schwierig. Noten stellen einen festen Bestandteil des deutschen Schulsystems dar und werden oft als externe Anreizbedingungen bezeichnet. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob sich Benotung in einem autonomieförderlichen Lernsetting destruktiv auf die intrinsische Motivation der Schülerinnen und Schüler auswirkt. Dazu wurden drei unterschiedliche Treatments konzipiert: autonomieförderliches Lehrerverhalten in einer unbenoteten Lernumgebung (A), autonomieförderliches Lehrerverhalten in einer benoteten Lernumgebung (A+B) sowie kontrollierendes Lehrerverhalten in einer benoteten Lernumgebung (K+B). An der Untersuchung nahmen insgesamt 483 Schülerinnen und Schüler der sechsten Jahrgangsstufe (MAlter = 11.28 Jahre, SDAlter = 0.57 Jahre) teil, die jeweils in einer kurzen Sequenz von drei Stunden unterrichtet wurden. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass Benotung bei autonomieförderlichem Lehrerverhalten praktisch keine demotivierende Wirkung hat.
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