Social Cognitive Theory explains how different personal, environmental and cognitive factors influence human behavior and it has been an important source of knowledge in the social and health sciences. It has been employed in research and practice in nursing, the science of caring. However, no critical analysis has been conducted to show the impact of Social Cognitive Theory in nursing. This article aims to conduct an analysis and evaluation of Social Cognitive Theory using the Fawcett and DeSanto-Madeya methodological framework and a systematic search of the literature. Social Cognitive Theory showed that even though is a non-disciplinary theory of health sciences, the clarity and simplicity of its content facilitates its use in understanding and addressing different phenomena of caring, the creation of middle-range theories and in professional education. The contribution of Social Cognitive Theory in nursing science has focused mainly on two aspects: firstly, on improving disciplinary knowledge with the practical context of health caring by understanding human behavior and its integration in interventions for the promotion, prevention and treatment of health, and secondly, on nursing professionals’ education, highlighting the relevance of the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge.

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Objetivo. El embarazo en adolescentes es un problema en América Latina que requiere la implementación de intervenciones efectivas. Este estudio describe el proceso de adaptación de la Intervención Motivacional Asistida por Computador (CAMI) para el incremento del uso de anticonceptivos y la reducción de embarazos subsecuentes en el contexto de madres adolescentes al Norte de México. Método. Se aplicó el Modelo de Adaptación de Intervenciones de McKleroy: 1) valoración del contexto local; 2) evaluación de la intervención con expertos; 3) preparación del contenido, actividades y materiales; 4) prueba piloto de la versión adaptada; e 5) implementación, utilizando un diseño exploratorio y descriptivo. Resultados. Se obtuvo la versión CAMI-Spa con modificaciones y una tendencia favorable de las puntuaciones en variables de anticoncepción (pretest vs el postest) como actitud [120.67(DE ± 12.36) vs 138.40(DE ± 7.20)], conocimientos [28.00(DE ±8.76) vs 44.00(DE ± 8.49)], procesos de cambio [78.67(DE ± 20.83) vs 108.60(DE ± 9.21)] y autoeficacia [43.00(DE ±10.37) vs 56.80(DE ± 17.38)]. Conclusiones. El uso de un modelo de adaptación de intervenciones permitió el ajuste de la intervención al contexto de las madres adolescentes mexicanas sin afectar sus componentes claves, que podría asegurar el efecto en el incremento del uso de anticonceptivos.

Introduction: Adolescents are a vulnerable group to acquire sexually transmitted infections and to experience a pregnancy. This can be prevented through theory-based interventions on male condom use self-efficacy. The goal of the present study is the adaptation, acceptability evaluation and pilot testing of an intervention, to increase perceived male condom use self-efficacy among Mexican adolescents.Method: A three-stage intervention adaptation model (evaluation, preparation and implementation) compounded of five steps (completed up to the four step) was used: 1) reviewing the literature to identify theory-based interventions for increasing condom use perceived self-efficacy, and authors contact; 2) two interventions were selected for the adaptation process; 3) preparation of the interventions content to be applicable to Mexican adolescents (language, activities and information modification); the intervention “Usando Condón” was piloted in a sample of 56 adolescents belonging to a public high school in Puebla. Intervention acceptability was qualitatively assessed and analyzed through thematic analysis. The outcome variable (self-efficacy) was measured through a specific Mexican adolescent’s scale. Self-efficacy levels were compared after the intervention (test and re-test).                      Results: The adapted intervention used the core components of the interventions that served as basis for the adaptation process (HIV/AIDS, condom use [beliefs, negotiation, access, benefits, consequences of using it, modeling] and gender roles). Cognitive mapping, story examples and condom use modeling through anatomical penis models were used. Information was updated and information on emergency contraception was added. Scenarios and doses of the primary interventions were modified, resulting in “Usando Condón” a 2-sessions intervention of 90 minutes each for Mexican adolescents, implemented by nurses. The intervention assistance was 100%. The intervention was qualitatively acceptable by the participants, suggesting minor modifications regrading to the technological support tools, content, and activities. Student's t test showed significant changes between measurements before and after the intervention exposition (p <.05).                       Discussion or Conclusion: “Usando Condón” can be implemented by previously trained health professionals and in similar contexts, considering that it needs constant evaluation and adaptation according to the population’s characteristics. Additionally, preliminary results suggest that the intervention increases the male condom use perceived self-efficacy levels among Mexican adolescents.