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The primary resistance and plasticity of the response to shock with negative temperatures (SNT) or heat shock (HS) of different winter wheat genotypes grown in Ukraine and then reproduced in Moldo-va are determined. The values of the mentioned parameters specifically varied depended on the genotype specificity and conditions of seeds reproduction. Thus, data support the hypothesis about the specificity of trans-generational inheritance of wheat genotypes adaptations to extreme temperatures. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the resistance SNT value to HS and inversed value (HS/SNT) ratio may indicate the epigenetically inherited effects.

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The article presents the results demonstrating the effectiveness of the rapid method for detecting infection at the initial stages of spreading on the leaves of winter wheat and barley, apple and grape plants using 0,05% Rodamina 6G solution as an indicator for determining the degree of infection. The assessment of the degree of infection is carried out visually on a special scale. The data on the effectiveness of presowing treatment of wheat seeds in a solution of 1/200 of the biostimulator Reglalg for increasing plant resistance to diseases are presented.

We studied the accumulation and consumption of biomass by five-day-old seedlings of various wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) grown from control and exposed to heat shock (HS) seeds. The suppression shoot and roots growth intensified with the temperature, which caused HS. With increasing the temperature (+50°С, +51°С, +52°С și +53°С) of HS, the biomass of the endosperm of the seeds transferred to the seedling, and spent on respiration during seed germination, and seedling growth decreased. Moreover, the effect of HS was more pronounced on the biomass of endosperm substances transferred to the seedling. To increase the resolution of separating wheat varieties according to their resistance to HS, we applied the optimal value (+52°С) of the HS temperature (HSo). The rate of dry matter transferred from the endosperm to the shoot, roots, and spent on respiration, made it possible to rank various wheat varieties following their resistance to high temperatures. The higher the resistance of a wheat cultivar to high temperatures, the higher the proportion of endosperm substances consumed by exposed to HSo seeds for seedling growth and respiration. With increasing the wheat varieties to high temperatures, the rate of endosperm biomass transferred to the seedling also increased, at the same time that spent on respiration on the contrary, decreased. After exposure to HSo, the seeds of the resistant to high temperatures varieties also showed higher metabolic efficiency than those of less resistant varieties. All parameters characterizing the resistance of leaves and roots to HS suggested that the high-temperature resistance of roots is lower than that of leaves. The method for determining the resistance of wheat varieties to high temperatures, based on the ability of seeds exposed to HSo, to mobilize reserve substances for germination and growth is fast, characterized by increased resolution, and ensures the distribution of wheat varieties according to their resistance to high temperatures.