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As a result of the radical economic reforms of the end of the last century and the transformation of the structure of the agrarian sector in Russia, the level of technical and technological development of the country's agriculture has fallen dramatically. Overcoming the crisis in the development of agricultural production occurred only in the middle of the first decade of 2000, after the adoption of a number of state programs for the development of agriculture. The main problems limiting the possibilities of technical and technological development of agriculture include: uneven development of individual sectors of agricultural production and the high level of differentiation of agricultural producers in developing the material and technical base; significant volatility of agricultural markets and financial opportunities of economic entities in the agricultural sector; irrationality of the location of agricultural production; shifting the emphasis of state support to agriculture in favor of large agribusiness entities; the continuing dependence of the agricultural sector on technology imports; low level of development of digital technologies, low rates of development of rural areas and improving the living standards of the rural population; limited reproductive capabilities of a significant part of agricultural producers.