Влияние языковой ситуации на изменения обобщенных характеристик языковой личности двуязычных учащихся (русско-эстонский билингвизм), получающих образование на эстонском языке И. М. Моисеенко, Н. В. Мальцева-Замковая, Н. В. Чуйкина (Таллин, Эстония) Проблема и цель. В статье рассматривается влияние языковой ситуации, сложившейся в настоящее время в Эстонии, на изменения обобщенных характеристик языковой личности двуязычных учащихся (русско-эстонский билингвизм), получающих образование в школах с эстонским (государственным) языком обучения. Цель статьиопределить изменения, произошедшие в языковой личности учащихся-билингвов за последние 10 лет, в том числе в их лингвистическом развитии. Методология. Основными методами исследования были анкетирование, сравнительный анализ полученных при анкетировании данных, их статистическая обработка. В качестве инструментов автоматизации были использованы формы и таблицы Google. Результаты. Выявлены изменения, произошедшие в языковой личности учащихся-билингвов за последние 10 лет, в связи со сложившейся языковой ситуацией. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о сужении сфер функционирования русского языка у данного контингента учащихся, его использовании преимущественно в бытовой сфере, в то же время о расширении сфер применения русского (родного) языка в письменной форме. Ключевые слова: билингвизм; родной язык; языковая личность; сфера общения; языковая ситуация; лингвистическое развитие; анкетирование. Моисеенко Ирина Михайловнакандидат педагогических наук, доцент Института гуманитарных наук, Таллинский университет.

The article presents an example how to work with students on the text conceptual compression. The skill of compression and transferring the information of a text is a solid part of communicative competence and it seems to be crucial in the process of verbal communication including professional conversation. There was conducted a beta testing among the 1st year university students in order to evaluate the skills to compress and transfer information. The examination shows that the secondary school graduates do not perform well being asked to compress the information of a text, they are not able to use adequate ways to transform the texts, the final text product does not include all vital conceptual details. The subject group of students was offered a special training, which included a number of exercises aimed on teaching to compress texts. The article also includes the designed course which was applied. As the result of such a focused instruction on text compression studies, the students learned how to highlight the key topics and to use the needed ways of compression. What is more, the final products appeared to be more logical. Hence the proposed research leads to the conclusion that not only such specially designed training is vitally needed, but also that the designed by the researchers exercises are effective.

The article deals with the examples of linguistic creativity in the modern urban environment which is represented in the names of different commercial objects (cafes, shops, restaurants, etc.), in the names of commercial enterprises and advertising slogans, as well as being visualized in the urban objects of Russian, Estonian and Polish towns and cities. The article describes the main patterns of language game with words and their meanings, with word combinations and more complex language structures within the visual urban environment; the authors take notes of the usage of the phenomena in the linguistic environment of different countries: Russia, Estonia and Poland. The researched units not only play the role of a name, but also take the option of a sign, so they bring some special, meant by the nominator message/value to the interpreter (a passer-by, a customer, etc.). In such a way it is possible to speak of some specific pragmatic focus of the created semiotic sign. Apart from that, the authors note that linguistic creativity of the urban environment reflects also the function of indirect dialogue: the interpreter, the receiver of the message is dragged in the indirect communication, as if being behind the scenes and sending an answer to the message inscribed in the urban linguistic landscape. As a result of consistent comparison of different methods of creativity in the linguistic landscape of Russian, Estonian and Polish towns and cities, the similarities and differences of the method implementation strategies and tactics are registered; some special traits for the specific language reality are described. The article contemplates as well on the sustainability of the above-mentioned linguistic experiments in the context of linguistic ecology.