Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка 2 ДП «Український державний науково-дослідний інститут проектування міст "ДІПРОМІСТО" імені Ю.М.Білоконя ПУБЛІЧНІ ПРОСТОРИ ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ ПАРТИСИПАТИВНОГО МІСЬКОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ -ПРИКЛАД КИЄВАМета цієї статті -аналіз розподілу та ступеня репрезентації різних типів публічних просторів у різних планувальних зонах та зонах містобудівної цінності, а також виявлення особливостей впровадження засад партисипативного міського планування * у Києві. Публічні простори певною мірою є відображенням успішності розвитку міста. Їх розподіл у межах міста, створення нових, оновлення зумовлюють рівень просторової справедливості. Значну кількість досліджень присвячено вивченню публічних просторів міст США, Великої Британії, Німеччини, Австралії, Китаю, натомість недостатньо їх щодо пострадянських міст, зокрема міст України. У статті автори намагаються дати відповідь на питання, наскільки рівномірним та справедливим є розподіл публічних просторів у Києві. Підтверджується гіпотеза нерівномірності їх просторового розподілу. Шляхи подолання несправедливості у розподілі, доступності та якості публічних просторів пов'язані із залученням мешканців до міського планування. Тому другим ключовим питанням статті є оцінка впливу впровадження засад партисипативного міського планування на забезпеченість та якість публічних просторів Києва, зокрема аналіз місця та специфіки проектів публічних просторів у бюджеті участі міста залежно від їх розміщення за напрямом центр-периферія.Ключові слова: публічний простір; зелений публічний простір; торговельно-розважальний центр; міське планування; просторова справедливість; партисипація; Київ.

The article presents an analysis of participatory urban planning practices in the context of their impact on providing the city with advanced high-quality public spaces. The case of the Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred Square in Zhytomyr shows the positive impact of urban activism on improving the quality of abandoned public space by means of its reconstruction. The assessment of the quality and the use of the Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred Square after the reconstruction was conducted on the basis of calculations of indices specifying an intensity of use and, in particular, social use, duration of stay of visitors, variety of use and users, and time variety of use. The indices were calculated based on the data collected during the structured observation. The results demonstrate that the square is characterized by a moderate level of intensity of social interaction, high level of intensity, variety and time diversity of use, as well as very high level of user diversity index. Eight areas by the location of different types of square visitors activities have been identified according to the results of observations and surveys; in particular, it is revealed that the areas of chess tables, a cafe, playground and various benches are in the greatest demand in the square. The inclusive accessibility, comfort and safety of the square after its reconstruction are analyzed. It was found that the high social intensity of the Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred Square use show its sacredness for citizens as a place of memory, a place of identity formation, a place that attracts visitors, and a place that encourages Zhytomyr residents to go out to the city. The study of the impact of urban activism on improving the quality of the abandoned public space (the Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred Square in Zhytomyr) contributes to the discourse on modern transformations of public spaces in the cities of post-socialist countries.

The study of everyday practices, self-identities and perceptions seems to be a promising approach to understand the suburban spaces as not only static containers but socially constructed, dynamic and ambiguous entities. Our case study is represented by the suburban village of Ahronomichne, located in the peri-urban area of the second-order Ukrainian city of Vinnytsia. The research methods included survey of residents (67 long-term residents and 59 newcomers), observations of the everyday activities of the residents and appearance of the build environment at seven observation points within the village, and four semi-structured in-depth interviews. We found that everyday practices of the long-term residents and newcomers significantly differ in terms of their set, spatial configuration and actual exercitation. The other important factors contributing to the variety of everyday practices and lifestyles are type of housing, age and family status. Simultaneously, we observed not just a combination but rather intertwining, mixing and hybridisation of urban, suburban and rural everyday practices and lifestyles. Another finding of the research was the western-type suburban growth of the second-order Ukrainian city in contrast to the largest cities of the country where centrifugal migrations of rich people to peri-urban area combines with the centripetal stream of less affluent migrant from peripheral settlements, keeping transitory residential strategy.

Purpose. The purpose of this research was to analyze the thematic orientation, drivers, location and perception by residents of street art in Ukrainian cities. Accordingly, the research questions are as follows: where and which street art pieces are located in cities? what are the main triggers of their spread in urban space? how city residents percept street art? what dwellers think about impact of street art on socio-cultural space and should street art be regulated in cities? Research methods. The study is based on an analysis of media reports on street art, the results of in-depth semi-structured interviews with Kyiv residents, and the authors’ observations on the streets of several Ukrainian cities. Twelve semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with Kyiv residents in April-May 2021, which included blocks of questions on the perception of street art, its subject matter, location and the need to control and regulate their creation and distribution. The authors conducted observations on the streets during 2017-2021 in the cities of Kyiv, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Odesa, Poltava, Kamyanets-Podilskyi, and Kramatorsk. Main findings. Based on the previous research, the main forms of street art and their place in urban space are analyzed. The analysis of street art pieces in Ukraine showed that in general there are tendencies of decentralization of their location in the urban space and regionalization. In other words, street art is spreading from the city center to the periphery, and along with the capital city and the main regional centers, street art pieces are becoming common elements of the urban space of other cities and towns. The vision of the residents testifies to their demand for the conformity of new street art pieces to the socio-cultural environment, the appropriateness of placement, and “embeddedness” into the urban space. It was revealed that key drivers of street art booming in Ukraine are urban art festivals, mega events, socio-political events and social troubles, developers` initiatives, as well as participatory budgeting programs. At the same time, the methods of implementation, thematic orientation and location of street art can cause conflicts and protests from individual residents, social movements, and municipalities as well. An analysis of the attitude to the thematic orientation of street art showed that the topics of nature, images of prominent people with an unblemished reputation, representatives of the most important professions, national, patriotic and social topics that encourage reflection, as well as texts of famous poems and quotations are most welcoming for Kyiv residents. The attitude to political issues accompanied by various appeals is distinctly negative. It has been confirmed that the local context of street art objects is considered as more important. It is shown that with the generally positive perception of street art, city dwellers are interested in the need to control and regulate the location of new murals and other street art pieces taking into account the public participation principles. In a relatively short period, street art have become a common practice of renewal, "beatification" and "Europeanization" of the urban space of many Ukrainian cities. Scientific novelty and practical value. The article develops the understanding of the place of street art in the urban space revealing the main peculiarities of the location, distribution and perception of street art in Ukrainian cities. The practical value of the study lies in the focus on identifying prospects for the implementation of the principles of participatory urban planning in the context of the creation of new street art pieces as a mean of improving public spaces.

The article presents the conceptualization of suburban space changes through the prism of changing everyday practices and its verification based on cases in the suburban areas of Kyiv and Vinnytsia. Given task is problematic both theoretically and empirically, as the suburban space is not only a physical residence place of the inhabitants, but also an environment of their life with all interactions and social relations. It is possible to speak about several main types of suburban spaces in Ukraine, each characterized by the specific nature of changes and the way of residents’ life. Moreover, it is almost impossible nowadays to talk about the typical everyday life and everyday practices in the suburbia, as the latter becomes more and more heterogeneous as a result of the mixing, interaction and hybridization of various forms and practices, quite often within individual settlements. Investigating suburban inhabitants in the context of their daily life as residents, consumers, workers, and citizens through everyday practices provides an opportunity for a comprehensive understanding of the economic, social, cultural, and urban planning domains of the suburbia functioning in its relationship with the central city. Analyzed daily practices are related to the main components of human activity: accommodation, consumption, reproduction and upbringing of children, work, recreation, leisure and sports, education and cultural development, civic activity, mobility. The transformation of everyday practices is presented in the context of urban environment changes and emergence of new residents, orientation of residents to external interactions and meeting the needs in the central city/own settlement, mutual transformation and combination of old and new everyday practices. Changes in everyday practices have been identified in connection with the transformation of specific suburban areas, the behavior of residents and, ultimately, identity, and the factors of changes in everyday practices were revealed for different types of suburban spaces on the examples of Kyiv and Vinnytsia. The case studies show that transformations of the suburban spaces of Kyiv and Vinnytsia have similar driving forces, and the main consequences as well: radical change in population structure; loss or hybrid nature of the local identity of suburban settlements; advancing development of housing with underdeveloped engineering and social infrastructure; increasing heterogeneity, fragmentation and polycentricism of suburban spaces; growing the suburbia’s dependence on the central city