Ця стаття презентує комплекс таких сучасних методологічних принципів, як антропоцентризм, антропокосмізм, епістемічність, експансіонізм, експланаторність, функціоналізм та колострукціонізм. Їх використання у нашому лінгвістичному дослідженні довело доцільність отримання та інтерпретації результатів систематизованого та функціонального вивчення каузального комплексу як ментально-логічної конструкту з усіма його складовими (каузальною домінантою ЕФЕКТ включно) з позицій оновленого когнітивно семантичного підходу. Апробація запропонованої методологічної процедури зіставлення характеристик каузальної домінанти ЕФЕКТ в англійській та українській мовах відкриває можливості її застосування до інших об’єктів ментально-логічного плану.

The paper deals with the comparative study of archetypal images of causality in English, Dutch, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Russian sayings. The object of the research is the category of causality represented in the human mind as a sentential (syntactic) concept with ten causal dominants (cause, reason, condition, concession, purpose, effect, conclusion, result, consequence, means). The subject matter of this paper covers etymons and archetypal images of the causal dominants in five related languages. The objective to compare archetypal images of causality reconstructed based on the English, Dutch, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Russian sayings can be achieved through solving such tasks as follows: specifying the source for archetypal images reconstruction; identifying the etymons for the causal dominants in studied languages; elaborating the archetypal images of causality based on the sayings from near-related (English and Dutch, Ukrainian and Russian), and far-related (English and Spanish, English and Ukrainian, English and Russian) languages. The major linguistic method employed to achieve the objective is a comparative and historical one, including the results of etymological analysis presented in the dictionaries. Relevant methods also include structural (immediate constituents and componential analysis) and contextual-interpretative ones. The present actual language data for the research were taken from different etymological dictionaries and sayings from the languages under study. The obtained results confirm that the reconstruction of etymons of causal dominants, as well as of the archetypal images of causality in different languages enables gaining important information about the peculiarities of causal thinking and psychology of various ethnic groups. In addition, the ability of the archetypes to be modified by penetration into the consciousness of people and filling the empty signs with the data of conscious experience is revealed.

The paper deals with describing a variety of interpretations of causality in different branches of modern science focusing on its multidisciplinary aspects. Moreover, historical and genetically reasoned aspects of causality in different areas are highlighted in this work. The authors take for granted that everything observable and calculable is commonly beyond dispute, and a deep understanding of causal reasoning creates an opportunity to govern different processes in various areas of human activity. Hence, interpretation of causality can be related to formal, natural, and social sciences, among which are physics, medicine, logic, philosophy, jurisprudence, psychology, and linguistics. To achieve the purpose of the paper, the authors employed such methods as observation, analysis, deduction, induction, synthesis, and description. The study proves that application of ideas obtained from physics (the hypothetical theory of a multiverse existence), logic (the implicative connection between actions), philosophy (generation of one phenomenon by another in both objective and subjective reality), psycholinguistics (the notion of mental causation), and linguistics (variety of linguistic means to express causality in different languages) shapes views of people on the interpretation of the phenomenon of causality and contributes to further comprehensive study of the causality using different approaches, linguistic inclusive. The paper also provides evidence for the causal reasoning being one of the most important mechanisms of categorization of the real world, thus making causality multidimensional. In conclusion, it is worth mentioning that modern global processes in all areas of human life demand a higher level of cross-cultural communication. The abovementioned signifies that one should be cautious in choosing language means to reflect the nuances of causal fragment of his/her worldview in order to be properly understood by speakers not only of other languages/cultures, but also by their own, for different speakers can perceive and interpret reality differently.

The paper deals with defining the intralingual prototypical features of causal dominants in English, Dutch, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Russian, being the languages of our research. The objective is achieved through solving such tasks as specifying the notion of “a prototype” and “a prototypical feature”, identifying causal sememes for all the causal dominants in related languages under study, and assigning semantic roles to all the elements of causal sememes identified. The employment of the following linguistic methods made it possible to fulfil all the tasks, namely: a contrastive method to select a causal sememe as tertium comparationis with further identification and contrasting of prototypical features on its basis; a structural method with componentional analysis of each causal dominant based on dictionary definitions; a cognitive method to model chains of semantic roles for each causal dominant. The combination of methods enabled modelling of three major chains, such as: [Ag +/ Eff + CAUSE + Pat +/ Rec +/ Instr]; [Ag +/ Eff + BE1 + Pat +/ Rec +/ Instr]; [Ag +/ Eff + BE2 + Pat +/ Rec +/ Instr].The analysis of 1115 causal sememes identified based on the data from 24 dictionaries of 5 languages revealed the prototypical features for 10 causal dominants in English, Dutch, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Russian. As a result prototypical features for the English CC include Ag (5), Eff (33), Pat (2), Rec (34); for the Dutch CC – Ag (8), Eff (33), Pat (9), Rec (29); for the Spanish CC – Ag (0), Eff (41), Pat (4), Rec (37); for the Ukrainian CC – Ag (7), Eff (36), Pat (8), Rec (35); for the Russian one – Ag (7), Eff (42), Pat (8), Rec (42).The results obtained for intralingual prototypes in English, Dutch, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Russian can serve as the basis for further identification of intralingual prototypes in the other languages, as well as defining crosslingual prototypes of the causal dominants in related languages, showing the universal and specific in mapping the phenomena of causal reality by different ethnic groups.

The article deals with the cognition-defined approaches to understanding terms as complex structures enabling the conceptualization and verbalization of fragments of the worldview of professional social groups. The authors discuss aspects of the terminological meaning of the cognitive structure of REFUGEE / БІЖЕНЕЦЬ in the English and Ukrainian languages, the transformation of the meaning of modern legal terms and the evolution of their legal interpretation, as well as analyse historical and social grounds for such changes. Special attention is paid to the lexical item’s thesaurus links in the legal professional discourse which provide for the verbalization of the term in specific communicative situations.