The article is of interest to managers and scientists at all levels who deal with combating cyber threats. The study analyzed the security environment and confirmed the rapid growth of malware and cyberattacks. The stages of development of cybercrime are analyzed, and the most significant cyberattacks that have taken place in recent years are identified. Statistics on the number of cyberattacks and their devastating impact on economies are presented. A brief description of the available types of malware and the algorithm of unauthorised entry of cyber attackers into the system is given. The article offers a variant of developing the concept of cybersecurity, defines the range of participants in ensuring the organisation's cybersecurity, and formulates an algorithm for its development and operation.

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The article deals with the innovative, cutting age solution within the language testing realm, namely computer adaptive language testing (CALT) in accordance with the NATO Standardization Agreement 6001 (NATO STANAG 6001) requirements for further implementation in foreign language training of personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AF of Ukraine) in order to increase the quality of foreign language testing. The research provides the CALT method developed according to NATO STANAG 6001 requirements and the CALT algorithm that contains three blocks: “Starting point”, “Item selection algorithm”, “Scoring algorithm” and “Termination criterion”. The CALT algorithm has an adaptive ability, changing a complexity level, sequence and the number of items according to the answers of a test taker. The comparative analysis of the results of the CALT method piloting and the paper-and-pencil testing (PPT) in reading and listening according to the NATO STANAG 6001 requirements justifies the effectiveness of the three-level CALT method. It allows us to determine the following important benefits of CALT: test length reduction, control of measurement accuracy, objective assessment, improved test security, generation of a unique set of items, adaptive ability of the CALT algorithm, high motivation of the test takers, immediate score reporting and test results management. CALT is a qualitative and effective tool to determine test takers’ foreign language proficiency level in accordance with NATO STANAG 6001 requirements within the NATO Defence Educational Enhancement Programme. CALT acquires a special value and relevance in the context of the global COVID 19 pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a blended learning method on the development of foreign language communicative competence of the officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the educational and information environment of a Higher Military Educational Institution. The foreign language training was carried out at 11 military educational institutions. Nineteen foreign language teachers were enrolled who conducted face‐to‐face training in an online virtual class and used the Moodle platform of the National Defence University of Ukraine named after Ivan Cherniakhovskyi for distance learning. Such a combination of the components (face‐to‐face and distance learning) provided the opportunity for them to implement effectively the case study and project‐based learning activities in an online virtual class and to use simultaneously the information and communication tools of an educational and information environment. In the study, a ‘pre‐test–post‐test’ experimental research design was used. The data collection tool was a proficiency language test according to NATO STANAG 6001 requirements. A difference between the two stages in favour of the results gained after conducting the investigation was revealed. Therefore, it is stated that integrating information and communication technology tools in foreign language training will have positive effects on both the teachers and officers to help them be aware of the modern tools of the information and educational environment.

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the current state of environmental pollution. The main purpose of the study is to update and promote the processing industry of plastic waste. Systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem of environmental protection has shown that today the problem of plastic recycling is one of the most important facing humanity. The article presents the results of empirical analysis of the main indicators of production, use and processing of plastic, which showed the need to stimulate and develop enterprises in the processing industry.