The agro-industrial complex has a huge potential for increasing the efficiency of the use of natural resources, which means it is a good platform for introducing the best available technologies. The main problem is the formation of wastewater. Since dairy enterprises use large enough volumes of water to process containers, equipment, for floor washing as well as use them to cool dairy products. Naturally, the main pollutants are organic compounds. Wastewater from dairy processing plants contains: suspended solids (solids from dairy processing), fats (their content varies depending on the variety of products produced by the enterprise), nitrogen (in the form of amino groups of protein compounds). The pH of the water itself also changes, the value of this indicator will also vary from the volume and range of products. As a result, it was revealed that in the production of 53982 tons of dairy products per year, 496929,2 tons of wastewater is formed, which is 9 times more than the volume of the companys production. In addition, most enterprises in the Tyumen Region do not have an opportunity to drain the resulting wastewater into the central sewage treatment plants for various reasons. This is either a tens of times excess of discharge standards, or the lack of sewage treatment facilities in the settlements where the enterprises are located. In this regard, enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are sources of pollution not only of the atmosphere, soil, but also of water bodies, so the wastewater of dairy plants should be treated and discharged with minimal risk of environmental pollution.

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The article analyzes the species and quantitative composition of weeds in wheat agrophytocenosis. From 16 species of weeds in different years prevailed: from perennial – Cirsium arvense, Glechoma hederacea, Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus arvensis, from juvenile wintering – Erodium cicutarium, Matricaria perforata, Viola arvensis, Thlaspi arvense. From spring juveniles – Amaranthus retroflexus, Spergula arvensis, Galeopsis speciosa, Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Stellaria media. Field observations in 2017-2020 made it possible to establish some features in the change in the composition and abundance of different biological groups of weeds during the growing season. It is necessary to study the species composition of weeds in order to control, predict and regulate their abundance. In the tillering phase, the number of weeds in different years of research varied from 15.3 to 16.1 pcs/m2, which, according to the scale of determining the degree of clogging of fields, corresponds to a weak degree of clogging of 2.55-13.4%. Before cleaning, the degree of clogging increased by 0.2% in 2018, by 0.15% in 2019, and in 2017 and 2020, the degree of clogging remained at the same level – 3.4%, which was also characterized by a weak degree. Comparison of the contamination over different years allows us to identify the dynamics of the quantitative and specific composition of weeds in crops and adjust the system of measures to combat them.

In terms of agricultural production, Western Siberia is a risky farming zone. Unfavourable weather phenomena in some years include moisture deficiency in the first half of the growing season, which negatively affects yield, as well as excessive moisture and lack of heat in the second half of the period, which leads to a decrease in grain quality. The special natural conditions of Siberia require specific consideration of the use of agricultural technologies that compensate for factors that negatively affect the yield of the land. The purpose of the presented study was to determine the most effective tillage options for increasing the yield of spring wheat in the Tyumen region (Russia). This study was conducted at the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University from 2014-19 to evaluate the effect of basic tillage with and without the use of coulisse strips on the weed infestation and yield of spring wheat in the Tyumen region, Russia. Comparative evaluation of the basic tillage with or without sown coulisse strips showed less weed infestation of spring wheat (3.3-27.1 and 3.6-29.4 no./m2) on the basic tillage variants (plowing and loosening) with sowing single-line coulisse strips, where the resulting larger yield of 3.74 t/ha (+ 0.17 t/ha compared to the control variant) was obtained. The results showed that moldboard tillage using coulisse strips had a positive effect on plant growth and development, due to the density, soil moisture, and weed reduction in obtaining high yield of spring wheat. The data obtained in the course of long-term studies can be used in the development of recommendations for agricultural production on the cultivation of spring wheat for grain and seeds under conditions close to those of the region under study.

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