Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the immune cell-mediated destruction of functional pancreatic β-cells. In the presymptomatic period, T1DM is characterized by the presence of two or more autoantibodies against the islet cells in patients without glycemic decompensation. Therapeutic strategies that can modify the autoimmune process could slow the progression of T1DM. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) or CD26, a multifunctional serine protease with a dual function (regulatory protease and binding protein), can modulate inflammation and immune cell-mediated β-cell destruction. CD26 is involved in T-cell costimulation, migration, memory development, thymic maturation, and emigration patterns. DPP-4 degrades the peptide hormones GLP-1 and GIP. In addition to regulating glucose metabolism, DPP-4 exerts anti-apoptotic, regenerative, and proliferative effects to promote βcell mass expansion. GLP-1 receptor signaling may regulate murine lymphocyte proliferation and maintenance of peripheral regulatory T-cells. In patients with T1DM, the serum DPP-4 activity is upregulated. Several studies have suggested that the upregulated DPP-4 activity is correlated with T1DM pathophysiology. DPP-4, which is preferentially expressed on the Th1 surface, can promote the polarization of Th1 immunity, a prerequisite for T1DM development. CD26 inhibition can suppress T-cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine production and stimulate tumor growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) secretion, which plays an important role in the regulation of autoimmunity in T1DM. Studies on humans or animal models of T1DM have suggested that DPP-4 inhibitors can improve β-cell function and attenuate autoimmunity in addition to decreasing insulin dependence. This review summarizes the emerging roles of DPP-4 inhibitors in potentially delaying the progression of T1DM.
Este artigo está publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições, desde que o trabalho seja corretamente citado. RESUMOObjetivo: Descrever o processo de construção e validação de conteúdo de uma cartilha educativa voltada para a orientação sobre alimentação saudável de pacientes com diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica com levantamento bibliográfico, elaboração e validação do material por especialistas no assunto. Os sete juízes possuíam especialização em diabetes e/ou com, no mínimo, dois anos de experiência na área, sendo duas enfermeiras, uma fisioterapeuta e quatro nutricionistas. Os itens avaliativos da cartilha consistiam em: objetivo, conteúdo, linguagem, relevância, ilustrações, layout, motivação e cultura, sendo cada item analisado separadamente através de escala tipo Likert. A análise da validação da tecnologia educativa foi realizada por meio da utilização do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), com recomendação do ponto de corte superior a 0,78. Resultados: A cartilha educativa apresentou IVC global de 0,96. Apenas dois itens apresentaram valores de IVC abaixo do limite adotado. Os juízes realizaram observações referentes à aparência e ao conteúdo para o aperfeiçoamento da cartilha, as quais foram acatadas para a versão final. Conclusão: A cartilha educativa para orientação nutricional de pacientes com diabetes mellitus foi construída e validada em termos de aparência e conteúdo por juízes, devendo, assim, ser considerada para aperfeiçoar a adesão à terapia nutricional. Dessa forma, o material servirá de suporte aos profissionais e aos portadores de diabetes, para que superem as dificuldades que permeiam o autocuidado referente à alimentação para o controle da doença.Descritores: Promoção da Saúde; Tecnologia Educacional; Estudos de Validação; Alimentação. Gonçalves MS, Celedônio RF, Targino MB, Albuquerque TO, Flauzino PA, Bezerra AN, et al. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:7781 2 ABSTRACTObjective: To describe the process of construction and validation of the content of an educational booklet aimed at teaching about healthy eating for patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a methodological research with a bibliographical study that carried out the development and validation of the material by experts. The seven experts were specialized in diabetes and/or had at least two years of experience in the field: two nurses, one physiotherapist and four nutritionists. The booklet items evaluated were objective, content, language, relevance, illustrations, layout, and motivation and culture. Each item was analyzed separately using a Likert scale. The analysis of the validation of the educational technology was carried out using the Content Validity Index (CVI) with a recommended cutoff point higher than 0.78. Results: The educational booklet presented an overall CVI of 0.96. Only two items presented CVI values below the adopted limit. The experts recommended changes in th...
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