Objective: Within the framework of the treaty between Mexico, the United States and Canada (USMCA), the objective of this study is to provide a description through econometric methods of the variables that influence tomato trade, in addition to describing the commercial dynamics of the sector in both Mexico and the United States. Design / Methodology / Approach: A gravity model was applied to investigate and evaluate the role of some of the main economic and geographic variables as determinants of Mexican trade flows. Results: The results show that the most important variables are the US gross national income per capita (GNIPC), as well as the US per capita production and consumption volumes calculated from apparent national consumption (ANC). It was also found that the variable GNIPC is better to determine the model than the gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC), due to the qualities of the variables. Limitations / Implications: Statistical records for the period 1994 to 2020 were taken into account, considering all varieties of tomato produced and exported. Findings / Conclusions: Regarding income, the variable with the best fit in the model was in GNIPC, which was adopted in the World Bank’s current way of classifying countries by income, variables such as consumption and production behaved in a typical way increasing and decreasing the volume traded. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most competitive and profitable agricultural products in Mexico.

The agricultural sector in Mexico is vulnerable to climatic variations and the happening of natural disasters. We analyze the Component of Attention to Agricultural Incidents (CADENA in Spanish) that is focused on small peasants with low incomes, and without access to insurance coverage and the Agricultural and Rural Insurance Funds. (FAAR) they operate under the logic of mutualism, so they only offer coverage to their partners. The geographic coverage of both mechanisms is differentiated; the FAAR concentrate their operation in regions with high commercial value agriculture and the CADENA operates throughout the country promoting incentives for contracting catastrophic insurances in municipalities with high and a very high degree of marginalization. It is concluded that both mechanisms complement each other as a public policy for agricultural risk management.

Objective: To analyze the commercial competitiveness of Mexican mango in the global market, through the determination of growth rates of mango exports, imports and production, as well as the commercial competitiveness indices. Design/Methodology/Approach: The production data were obtained from the Agrifood and Fishing Information Service (Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera, SIAP), and those of exports and imports from the International Trade Center of UNCTAD/OMC through TRADEMAP. The relative trade balance, the transability index, the export openness index, and the import penetration index were measured. Results: The relative trade balance in Mexico was very close to 1. The transability index had an average of 0.2. The export openness index was positive every year. The import penetration index had values very close to 0. The exports increased 97% and the imports 30%. Study Limitations/Implications: The available statistical records for the period of 2005 to 2018 were taken into account, considering all the varieties of mango produced and exported. Findings/Conclusions: Mango is a primary product highly valued globally and, therefore, demand for this product has increased. Exports had a growing behavior, while imports are very low compared to the exports. The commercial balance was positive every year. Mexico evidenced an increase of competitiveness at the international level.