The present study demonstrated that ALA-PDT might be useful for treatment of Japanese AK. The therapeutic outcome might depend on the lesion size and the histopathological severity.

Our study indicates that all patients with ALS have the potential to suffer from pain, the intensity of which increases with decreased functional status.

Disseminated mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in an immunocompetent person is quite rare. A 19-year-old healthy Japanese woman presented with painful, umbilicated vesicles and pustules on her genital region, both nipples and on the forearm 10 days after the last sexual contact with her partner who had cold sore at that time. Tzanck test and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated mucocutaneous HSV infection. She did not have any visceral HSV disease. Skin lesions improved after treatment with acyclovir and erythromycin for seven days. We propose that like herpes gladiatorum, HSV dissemination in this case was acquired by close body contact.

Reduction in QSART and VIP expression in the sweat glands might be involved in the dyshidrosis of PD patients.