Industrialization and economic development have accelerated energy consumption and the release of CO2 to the atmosphere. The continual increase in CO2 levels is contributing to climate change; therefore, mitigating CO2 emissions warrants intensive research. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated potential as adsorbents for CO2 capture, but their cost makes them impractical for industrial applications. Inexpensive biomolecules, including amino acids, proteins, peptides, and porphyrins, can be used as ligands to manufacture biological MOFs (bio-MOFs) with diverse structures that can be tailored for CO2 adsorption. In this study, we discuss the application of bio-MOFs for CO2 capture. We review the principles of CO2 capture, bio-MOF CO2 adsorption chemistry, and industrial system requirements. We also review experimental and theoretical studies on bio-MOF structural parameters that affect CO2 adsorption efficiency, heat of adsorption, and selectivity. Next, we discuss the technical and economic challenges of applying bio-MOFs for CO2 capture and provide recommendations for their industrial-scale use.

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According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas is one of the significant factors that caused climate change. In the IPCC's special report regarding Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, there was discussion about several technologies for CO 2 gas capture. One of the technologies is using solid sorbent such as activated carbon, silica, metal oxides, and zeolite. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the research of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) which are believed to be the most promising adsorbent in CO 2 adsorption application. It is a crystalline type of porous material consisting of the metal ions and the organic ligands. With all the advantages possessed by MOFs, these adsorbents are still difficult to be applied on industrial scale due to high fabrication cost. Composed of non-renewable feedstock raw materials, some MOFs are not environmentally friendly. To quickly response this challenge, we conducted investigation on the use of biologically derived MOF (Bio-MOF) in CO 2 capture application. A novel of Bio-MOF Chromium-Citric Acid (Cr-CA) has been explored. The synthesis process is carried out through the hydrothermal reaction method using eco-friendly solvent potassium hydroxide and Aquabidest. The characterization of MOF was carried out by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. We would like to recommend that research about MOF with Chromium-Citric Acid content is conducted and investigated further on the performance of gas adsorption with this porous material.