The paranasal sinuses are subject to large variety of lesions. Congenital malformations and normal anatomic variations are important in this region To find out prevalence of frontal sinus aplasia in normal healthy population and to discuss its clinical importance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis is performed on CT scans of head & neck region of patients visiting Radio-diagnosis Department of Era's Lucknow Medical College. Results: Frontal sinus aplasia was observed in 6.6% of target population. Conclusion: It is important for surgeons to be aware of variations in sinuses that may predispose patients to increased risk of intraoperative complications and help avoid possible complications and improve success of management strategies.

Introduction: Variation in neurovascular structure are commonly encountered in routine dissection. Brachial artery is the main artery of upper limb. In the arm, the median nerve passes at first lateral to brachial artery (near the insertion of coracobrachialis muscle), then crosses in front of the artery, descending medial to it in the cubital fossa. The knowledge of these variation could be helpful to vascular, plastic, general surgeons and orthopedicians. It is also important to prevent iatrogenic injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical variations in course and relation of median nerve to brachial artery in the arm. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in 50 cadavers (100 upper limbs) in duration of two years. Proper cadaveric dissection was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, and Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. Observation & Results: In the present series, median nerve was found to cross behind the brachial artery at about the middle of the arm in 8% cadavers. Median nerve entered the arm at first lateral to brachial artery, near the insertion of coracobrachialis. In 46 cadavers (96 upper limbs), it crossed in front of the artery from lateral to medial side. In four cadavers (5 upper limbs), it passed posterior to the brachial artery in the arm. Conclusion: Knowledge of the brachial artery and their variations are of clinical and surgical importance. An awareness of such a presence is valuable for the surgeons and radiologists in evaluation of angiographic images, vascular and re-constructive surgery or appropriate treatment for compressive neuropathies.

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Background ‐ First cervical vertebra has different anatomical features as compared to other cervical vertebrae. It holds globe of skull and lacks body and spine. It is composed of 2 lateral masses linked by anterior and posterior arches. Posterior atlanto‐occipital membrane is attached to posterior arch. Lateral edge of this membrane sometimes ossifies thus converting groove into canal. Consequently, neurovascular groove gets converted into a bony ring “ponticulus posticus”. It is considered as potential cause of neck pain and headache. Knowledge of this variation is important during procedures like instrumentation of atlas including C1 lateral mass screw placement which requires mobilization of C2 nerve root and screw insertion inferior to bony arch of atlas directly into lateral mass. In patients with ponticulus posticus, if not identified pre‐operatively may give impression of wide bony arch for screw placement, which may result in vertebral artery injury due to a breach of this variation. Congenital defects of atlantal arch a developmental failure of chondrogenesis is a rare anomaly. These defects are a benign variation discovered incidentally. Detection of these anomalies is clinically important as they can cause acute neurologic deficits, which is associated with neck extension. Currarino et al proposed classification of posterior arch anomalies Type A Failure of posterior midline fusion of the 2 hemi arches. Type B Unilateral cleft. Type C Bilateral cleft with persistent dorsal part of arch. Type D Absence of posterior arch with persistent posterior tubercle. Type E Absence of entire posterior arch Objective Objectives this study is to find the prevalence of Ponticulus posticus Congenital anomalies of atlantal arch and classify them Material and Method‐ 250 computerized tomography (CT) head and neck in axial and sagittal sections from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of Dr RMLIMS, Lucknow was studied as CT is the best method to study the bony landmarks and any anomaly. Prevalence of variations was calculated. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21 by Chi‐square test. Result‐ Prevalence of ponticulus posticus was 32.4%. Males had higher prevalence (20.4%) than females (12%). Incomplete ponticulus posticus (24.4%) was more than complete variant (8%). There was predominance of left sided ponticulus posticus(12% vs 8.4%) Deficient posterior arch was found in 9(3.6%) cases. 6 were of type A 3 were of type B. Conclusion‐ This study will help in determining cause of neurological deficit in patients due to presence of above variations. Significance Accurate evaluation of anatomic landmarks in patient with migraine or neck ache is important because changes in anatomy of atlas may be index pointing towards underlying disease process like vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Asymmetrical deviations of atlas in form, size, shape, and contour are often multiple and confusing. Therefore, they must not only be studied with care and precision and meticulously recorded. In our future project we p...

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