The Dynamic composition of atomic services to create a composite web service is one of the problems of the web service integration and is still at research level. In that context, selecting web services with respect to user preferences is still vague. This paper addresses the problem of selecting a user preferred service for dynamic composition. The solution is based on emerging semantic web service technologies. We have proposed an ontology which is based on non-functional requirements such as trustworthiness of the service.

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Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs), sirtuin (SIRT1), and liver X receptor α (LXRα) play important roles in regulating cholesterol metabolism in mammals. However, little is known about the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and SIRT1, LXRα, and SREBP-1 in fish. In addition, knowledge of the effects of salinity on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in euryhaline teleosts is fragmented. This study revealed that hepatic cholesterol content was significantly different between fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated Indian medaka. Gene expression analysis indicated srebp-1, lxrα, and sirt1 transcripts were not affected by changes in ambient salinity. However, SREBP-1, but not LXRα and SIRT1 protein expression, was significantly induced in the liver of FW-acclimated medaka. When SREBP-1 Vivo-MO inhibited SREBP-1 translation, hepatic cholesterol content was predominantly downregulated in FW- and SW-acclimated medaka. This is the first study to show that SREBP-1 is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis in fish. Furthermore, SREBP-1 knockdown had different effects on the expression of hmgcr and fdps, which encode the key enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. This study further enhances our knowledge of cholesterol metabolism in the livers of euryhaline teleosts during salinity acclimation.

Geometric morphometrics and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA barcoding are crucial for identifying closely related cryptic carangid species. We integrated both taxonomic methods for promising identification within selected carangid groups, trevallies (Turrum coeruleopinnatum, Platycaranx malabaricus, and Atropus hedlandensis) and scads (Selar crumenophthalmus, Selar boops, and Atule mate). Despite a plethora of carangid barcode data, the knowledge bridge on carangid evolutionary footprints provides limited information on their origin, evolution, and distribution. Procrustes-defined data derived from shape differences between species and between morphs within species were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) (P < 0.0001), and were independent of intraspecific variation. Geometric morphometric clustering was evaluated using mtDNA COI barcoding, and each morph/species cluster was found to be compatible with the corresponding species. Average Kimura 2- Parameter (K2P) divergences were obtained in accordance with taxonomic hierarchy and were consistent with the 2% species delimitation: conspecific, congeneric, confamilial divergences were 0.28%, 4.50%, and 11.90% respectively and intraspecific and interspecific divergences were in the ranges (0.00-0.60)% and (2.10-18.70)% respectively. The greatest divergence was observed between the Indian and Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) individuals, whereas the lowest divergence was observed between the common ancestral cluster and IAA individuals. However, both consolidated taxonomic approaches provided a clear resolution of the selected carangid species over cryptic speciation. The origin of the carangid ancestor and its centered distribution in the IAA region are well described by regional characteristic divergences and are further explained by the center of origin and overlap hypotheses.