Diabetes mellitus is a worse metabolic condition in which level of glucose and lipid increased in blood circulation due to insufficient insulin functionality that may lead to worse the complication like atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, gangrene, limb amputation, kidney failure, and many more. Furthermore, high concentration of glucose in blood stream can directly produce reactive oxygen species which ultimately more worsen the conditions like dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis etc. This disorder is expected to affect 9.3% of the global population in 2019, increasing to 10.2%  by 2030 and increasing 10.9 % by 2045. Medicinal plants are used as medicine to treat many ailments since a long time ago. But now they have been rediscovered with having specific constituents to treat diseases and many more yet to discover. There are so many active phytoconstituents of plants which are being extracted, purified, tested and formulated for patient convenience. In the present review, various plants used to treat diabetes mellitus due to have negligible side effects as compared to allopathic treatment (oral hypoglycemic drugs) are described. Many plants with hypoglycemic effect of many plants have been reported, and the mechanisms of action of these plants with these hypoglycemic behaviors are being examined through in vitro and in vivo studies. Some of these 22 medicinal plants and their active constituents related to antidiabetic activity are discussed in this review.

Drug discovery in pharmaceutical research is a very time taking process. It takes around about 10 to 14 years reached to clinical trial. Chances of discovery of novel molecule reached to clinical trial are very less. Also, it takes billion of investment. Biomedical engineering with new technologies is the answer to these problems. The purpose of this review is to focus on the applications of new technologies like computer-aided drug design, virtual screening, molecular docking, 3D printing, etc. in the field of pharmaceutical research, drug delivery system, and drug discovery. So it is very important for all the researchers and pharmacy departments to be aware of the benefits or applications of these modern technologies. These modern technologies are very useful for pharmaceutical research including pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics modeling, optimization of the drug dosage form, and drug delivery system. The current progress of docking-based virtual screening leads to finding out the new target molecule and designing the molecule by using computer-aided drug design and ultimately manufacturing or customization of the dosage form by using 3D printing may finally lead to the become a reality.

The public health concern is very important for the growing burden of chronic metabolic disease like Diabetes mellitus. It is foreseeable that by 2045 India would reach rank first in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus which contributes to 90% of diabetes. Therefore, more care or attention should be given to this disease. There are so many medications available in the market including herbal drugs. But due to more side effects of oral hypoglycemic agents, attention grabs more towards the alternative of synthetic drugs or using Nano-carriers to avoid side effects. Presently, many novel drug delivery systems for oral hypoglycemic agents are available in the market. But herbal drugs grab more attention due to lesser side effects, efficacy and cost-effective. However, there is very less work is reported on nanotechnology like liposomes, nanoparticles/microparticles, gold nanoparticles, noisome, and nano-capsules/microcapsules of herbal drugs, which is currently emerging therapy for diabetes. Nanotechnology or a novel drug delivery system for herbal medicine can be used to overcome the challenges like poor bioavailability, efficacy and stability problems. The current review emphasizes current epidemiology, its types, complications and management of different treatment strategies for diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the problems related to herbal medicine with immense hope for herbal medicine using nanotechnology are discussed.

The public health concern is very important for the growing burden of chronic metabolic disease like Diabetes mellitus. It is foreseeable that by 2045 India would reach rank first in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus which contributes to 90% of diabetes. Therefore, more care or attention should be given to this disease. There are so many medications available in the market including herbal drugs. But due to more side effects of oral hypoglycemic agents, attention grabs more towards the alternative of synthetic drugs or using Nano-carriers to avoid side effects. Presently, many novel drug delivery systems for oral hypoglycemic agents are available in the market. But herbal drugs grab more attention due to lesser side effects, efficacy and cost-effective. However, there is very less work is reported on nanotechnology like liposomes, nanoparticles/microparticles, gold nanoparticles, noisome, and nano-capsules/microcapsules of herbal drugs, which is currently emerging therapy for diabetes. Nanotechnology or a novel drug delivery system for herbal medicine can be used to overcome the challenges like poor bioavailability, efficacy and stability problems. The current review emphasizes current epidemiology, its types, complications and management of different treatment strategies for diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the problems related to herbal medicine with immense hope for herbal medicine using nanotechnology are discussed.