No abstract

Hemifacial Spasm is a rare condition and often misdiagnosed even by neurologists. Although etiology, pathophysiology is clear, treatment is unsuccessful in many cases. In this review article we focus on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of this infrequent movement disorder. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2019; Vol. 35 (2): 104-109

Background: Stroke is serious pathology with a immense impact on the functional and vital prognosis. It is the leading cause of death worldwide. The objective of the study was to observe clinical profile of stroke patients and important risk factors. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the department of Neurology, BangabandhuSheikh Mujib Medical Universiy(BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from August 2014 to November2015. All patients above 18 years of age and both sexes attending the above mentioned department meeting all inclusion and exclusion criterias and confirmed CT/MRI scan of Brain were included in this study. Results: A total of 219 patients were studied. Maximum 93(42.5%) patients were in age group of 61-70 years followed by 51(23.3%) and 30(13.7%), in the age group of 51-60 years and 71-80 years respectively. Male 138(63%) were predominant than female 81(63%). 78(35.61%) patients had weakness in both sides of the body, 66(30.1%) had weakness in the left side and 36(16.4%) had weakness in the right side of the body. 190 (87.7) patients had ischemic stroke and 29(12.3%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Among risk factors dyslipidemia was in 185(84.5%) patients, hypertension, smoking habits, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease were present in 165(75.3%), 120(54.8%), 105(47.9%) and 42 (19.2%) patients respectively. H/O recurrent stroke was present in 55(25%) cases. Conclusion: Stroke cases were male predominant where dyslipidaemia was the most common risk factor, most common type of stroke was ischemic, most common presentation was hemiplegia/monoplegia and commonest age of presentation was seventh decade. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 16-20

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting almost all patients during their illness. They may appear in early pre-symptomatic stage as well as throughout the disease course. This observational cross sectional study was carried out in the Movement Disorder Clinic, Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka to see the presence of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Seventy-six Parkinson’s Disease patients were recruited during October 2019 to September 2020. Presence of non–motor symptoms (NMSs) was sought by the 30-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-30). All patients (100%) of this study were suffering from one or more non-motor symptoms. Most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease were anxiety (78%), fatigue (78%), difficulty in falling or staying sleep (75%), depression (72%), forgetfulness 72%, dizziness (68%), loss of interest in doing activities (66%), flat mood (62%), lack of pleasure (60%), restless leg (59%) & problem in sustaining concentration (50%). Other non-motor symptoms were present in less than 50% patients. Non-motor symptoms are common and often unrecognized in Parkinson`s Disease. Address- ing this issue will help to manage these symptoms and thereby improve quality of life of patients with Parkinson`s Disease. BSMMU J 2021; 14(4): 121-124

Background:Pain in the neck is a common complaint of the patients attending the hospital. In clinical practice, neck pain is seen frequently as a presenting symptom and sometimes it becomes disabling and compromises the working capacity. One of the most common causes of pain in the neck is cervical spondylosis. Rehabilitation treatment may play an important role to improve the condition of the patients. For this purpose, the study was done to find out the effects of rehabilitation treatment on chronic neck pain to improve the present situation regarding treatment. Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in the department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 150 patients were included and they were divided into two groups: group-A and group-B. Group-A was treated with selective rehabilitation and Group –B was treated with NSAID only. History, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. The findings were recorded at first attendance and follow up was done weekly for six weeks. The results were expressed as mean ± SD and the level of significance was expressed by p-value unless otherwise stated. Student’s ‘t’ tests was done to test the hypothesis. Results: Among the study subjects 48(32 %)were male and 102 (68 %) were female. The male female ratio was 1: 2.12. There was significant improvement in both the group after treatment ( P= 0.001). But in comparison between two groups, all the baseline criteria were identical. There was no significant improvement between two groups up to 5th weak( P>05) but significant improvement was seen in Group-B than Group-A after six weeks treatment (P= 0.03). This results indicates that the improvement of the patient with cervical spondylosis was seen in selective rehabilitation group and in NSAIDs group. And improvementwas same in both the group up to 5th week and after six weeks more improvement was found in NSAIDs group. Conclusions: By this study, it may be concluded that to reduce symptom and disability, rehabilitation treatment can be used effectively for the treatment of chronic neck pain without analgesics and by this way nephropathy due to NSAIDs can be avoided. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2015; Vol. 31 (2): 102-109