No abstract

A 3-year child is discussed who presented with dyskinesia, large head size, developmental delay, and recurrent infections necessitating multiple hospital admissions. The diagnosis was not made at initial presentation or even after multiple hospital admissions. An organic acidemia was suspected, based on raised ammonia and lactate levels and metabolic acidosis and the diagnosis of glutaric aciduria Type 1 was established by finding markedly elevated levels of glutaric acid and its specific metabolites on urine organic acids analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in the setting of specific clinical features. Further supporting evidence was provided by CT scan brain showing subdural hygroma along left cerebral hemisphere causing gyral flattening and widening of sylvian fissure.

Propionic Acidemia (PA) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by the defect in enzyme (propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase) leading to the abnormal accumulation of metabolites of branched-chain amino acid catabolism in blood and urine. We describe the first ever diagnosed case in our setup of early onset PA in a 06 months old baby girl who presented with the complaints of decreased feed intake, lethargy, vomiting, failure to thrive, and intermittent seizures. The basic laboratory investigations showed pancytopenia along with high anion gap metabolic acidosis, urine dipstick positive for ketones, and hyperammonemia. Plasma amino acid analysis by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) showed elevated plasma glycine and lysine levels. Finally, urine organic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) showed marked elevation of 3-hydroxy propionate, methyl citrate, and 3-hydroxy, 2 methylbutyric acid with moderate rise in 3-hydroxy butyric acid without an elevation of methylmalonate in urine, thus giving the diagnosis of PA.

An experiment was conducted on buffalo calves at Livestock farm of Regional Agriculture Research Station, Khajura, Nepal aiming to strengthen practice of commercial fattening. Experiment was done for a period of 7 months during the year 2015 with the main objective to develop low cost buffalo fattening technology emphasizing feeding management. Sixteen male buffalo calves aged 10-12 months were purchased from livestock haat bazaar at Rambhapur, Banke district and from farmers' field. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 treatments each replicated four times. The treatment details were T1: Control- Farmer's practice, T2: Feed 1 + roughage adlib (straw and green at 3:1 ratio), T3: Feed 2 (Urea 2% and molasses 10 % of concentrate) + roughage ad lib (straw and green at 3:1 ratio),T4: Feed 3 (Oil seed cakes 20 %, soybean cake 10 %, urea 1%, Molasses 5 % of concentrate) + roughage ad lib (straw and green at 3:1 ratio). The dry matter requirement was fulfilled at the rate of 3 % of body weight. The concentrate was supplied at the rate of 25 % of total dry matter requirement and rest were fulfilled from roughages i.e straw and green forage at the ratio of 3:1. The buffalo calves were vaccinated against FMD and HS. Drenching was done at the beginning and during middle of the experiment. The results showed that the significantly higher average daily gain (g) was found for T2 (508.34 g) followed by T4 (503.57). Based on economic analysis the net benefit per animal was found highest on T3 i.e urea molasses supplemented group without soybean cake supplementation Rs 2853.