Green tea is a popular beverage and in vitro studies have shown that green tea phenols inhibit the growth and cellular adherence of periodontal pathogens and their production of virulence factors. The antioxidants, bacteria battling catechins and other micronutrients in green tea fortify tooth structures, whitens teeth, keep breath fresh, and dissolves plaque. Green tea controls bacteria and lowers the acidity of saliva and dental plaque, it may be a useful tool in preventing cavities. Green tea’s anti-inflammatory powers seem to help control periodontal (gum) disease. The aim of this present survey was to establish awareness of the therapeutic benefits of green tea among the dental fraternity. A descriptive survey was conducted among dental students of Saveetha Dental college using a questionnaire in the google form. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions that were framed based on the knowledge of the therapeutic benefits of green tea in oral health and sent to 75 subjects. The data was collected and systematically analyzed that 62% of participants reported that green tea removes bad breath, 68% of participants reported that green tea has anti-inflammatory effects that heal gum diseases. About 64% of participants reported that frequent intake of green tea would decrease dental caries formation. About 60% of participants reported that green tea has curative properties against dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral malignancy. Based on this survey, the knowledge and awareness about the therapeutic benefits of green tea among the dental fraternity have been known by the majority of persons.

Genetic architecture explains about characteristics of different types of genetic variants which affect the traits for heritable variability. The present review is to document the deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of grey matter obtained from reliable sources of information which are associated with grey matter density and volume, cortical thickness, surface area, genetic variants, genetic heritability and genetic effects including Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease and some various diseases. The literature search on genetic architecture was carried out for papers published by google scholar and PubMed with the intention of retrieving all original reports that were relevant to it. The quality assessment of selected studies was conducted for 77 collected articles. This review is an attempt to update recent advances and provide a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of grey matter which benefits scientists and geneticists.

Tuberculosis threatens to destroy millions across the globe. There is an urgent need for new methods to prevent and treat the disease. Similar to most microorganisms, mycobacterium tuberculosis - the causative agent of tuberculosis, requires iron for important metabolic pathways. Since iron is not readily accessible in the host, pathogens must compete aggressively to create an infection for this metal, but they must also carefully regulate the acquisition of iron, as excess free iron can be highly toxic. The aim of the study was to create awareness of iron blockage and stop tuberculosis among college students. A descriptive survey was conducted among various college students using questionnaires in google forms. The questionnaire consists of 16 questions were framed based on the knowledge and awareness of iron knowledge to stop tuberculosis and receive a response from 100 participants. In this survey, 67.53% were aware of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause tuberculosis in the human body and 59.74% were aware that bacteria which causes tuberculosis to need iron to survive but 27.27% were not aware. Majority of participants were aware that iron was capable of restarting replication and refractive to antibodies and trigger the state of persistence bacteria. Nearly 57.14% of participants Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a remarkable ability to persist in the absence of Fe, but 19.48% stated it does not survive. By this current survey, it can be evident that the majority of participants are educated about knowledge of tuberculosis associated with causes, main role and physiological mechanisms involved in it.

Introduction: Health-related behaviors are influenced by knowledge and awareness, with oral health being no exception. It is well-known that oral diseases are influenced by social determinants. Children depend on their parents and caretakers for maintenance of their oral health so oral health knowledge of mothers could be associated with the status of their children’s oral health. Aim: The aim of this survey was to evaluate and create awareness on oral care among mothers of children less than 5 years old. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among mothers of children less than five years old using a questionnaire in google forms. The Questionnaire was framed which mainly targeted awareness on dental attitude, knowledge and practice of mothers regarding their children’s oral health. The survey was done in January 2021. The results were obtained and statistically analysed through SPSS software, chi square test was done and represented as pie-chart and bar graphs. Results: Out of 100 mothers who participated in the study, 66.09% have studied up to primary/high school level and 33.91% have qualified university level. About 54.78% of the participants agreed that the importance of oral health to general health, 28.70% disagreed. The association of mothers' education and their opinion on children's age on brushing their teeth shows that the majority of primary/high school mothers agreed that children should brush their teeth older than 5 years than other participants and it was statistically significant p value=0.04(>0.05)) Conclusion: Mothers who are graduates are more aware of the importance of oral health in children, treatment of dental caries, and brushing technique than mothers who qualified with school education.

Introduction: Opuntia ficus-indica is a well adapted cactus to extreme climatic environments. In the usual diet and food industry, it is an interesting source of food ingredients. In general, the protective role of prickly pears has been due to their antioxidant components, phenolic compounds, and some minor components present in the content of seed oil and seed protein and the oil from cactus pear seed has been found with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids ,with antioxidant  and antimicrobial activity as well as cardioprotective, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and antihyperglycemic effect. Aim: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil against Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: Broth microdilution assay was performed by following modifications: Brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was prepared and sterilise at 121c for 15lbs, the 100 microlitre of streptococcus mutans inoculated at freshly prepared broth and incubated at 37c for 24 hours. Then BHI broth prepared with sucrose and serial two fold dilution were done with 160microlitre broth and 40 microlitre prickly pear seed oil. Then 20 microlitre of culture was added. Column 11 contains BHI using sterile micro pipettes and the plates were incubated at 30 c for 18 hours. The growth of bacteria was visualised and lowest concentration with no visible growth was recorded as MIC. Results: This study results shows that, by broth microdilution method at concentration ranging from 10%-0.039% v/v, Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil potentially inhibits the growth of streptococcus mutans at the concentration of 0.03% (v/v). Conclusion: From the study, the results demonstrated that Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil shows noticeable antimicrobial activity against streptococcus mutans. Use of essential oils against oral pathogens can be an alternative to other antimicrobial agents which could be cheap and effective modules used in control of bacteria which are responsible for oral infections.