The caudal septal extension (CSE) graft maneuver commonly is used to adjust the nasal tip projection. It can, however, be difficult to stabilize and straighten the CSE graft, especially when the procedure is performed through an endonasal approach. Because the stabilization and correct positioning of the CSE graft are vital for achievement of the desired outcome, new approaches must be found that facilitate the technical ease of this procedure. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of the polydioxanone (PDS) absorbable plate in CSE graft procedures performed via an endonasal approach. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an open-label, 2-arm parallel trial, 30 patients who requested a surgical nasal correction and required a CSE graft performed via an endonasal approach were randomized into 2 groups of 15 patients each. All patients underwent endonasal rhinoplasty at a single center from February 17, 2011, to December 26, 2013. Depending on their treatment group, patients received a CSE graft with or without a PDS plate. Data were collected and evaluated from November 24, 2010, to January 19, 2015, when final follow-up occurred. Data were analyzed based on an evaluable population. INTERVENTIONS Endonasal rhinoplasty with or without the use of a PDS plate. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Technical difficulty assessed using a visual analog scale (range, 0-100; higher scores indicate increased difficulty of use), surgeon and blinded evaluator satisfaction with the graft assessed using a 4-point categorical scale (1 indicates highly satisfied; 4, unsatisfied), change in nasal tip projection, and complications at 30, 60, 180, and 365 days after surgery. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients (13 in the PDS group and 14 in the non-PDS group) completed their 6-month postoperative visit, and 19 patients (10 in the PDS group and 9 in the non-PDS group) completed the entire study (12 months). The mean (SD; range) surgeon-assessed visual analog scale score for ease of use was 46 (13; 25-64) mm for the 15 patients in the non-PDS treatment group and 17 (10; 7-48) mm for the 15 patients in the PDS group (P < .001). The surgeon's satisfaction with the graft did not differ significantly between the PDS and the non-PDS groups (P = .34), and the nontreating blinded evaluator's assessment of standardized photographs taken at the time of the graft placement and at postoperative days 30, 60, 180, and 365 did not establish any significant differences between the 2 groups (P > .99). Postoperative change in the nasal tip projection at 365 postoperative days compared with 30 postoperative days was significantly lower in the PDS group compared with the non-PDS group (−0.31% vs −6.5%; P = .04), thus increasing the long-term stability of the graft in the PDS group. A single incident of infection was observed in each group along with no episodes of rejection or extrusion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, use of a PDS plate in CSE graft procedures was associated with less technical difficulty than CSE graft procedures without use of a PDS pla...

Infraorbital hollows are one of the most common target areas for facial aesthetic treatment; however, they are often perceived to be challenging to treat due to the complex anatomy of the periorbital area, concurrent deformities, and risk of complications. Treatment options include surgical (eg, lower eyelid blepharoplasty with fat transposition or injections) and nonsurgical approaches (eg, fillers). Among these approaches, filler injections have become common practice because they are minimally invasive and provide long-term patient satisfaction. In particular, hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have been shown to be safe and effective for infraorbital hollow rejuvenation. This review provides an overview of infraorbital hollows, including periorbital anatomy, etiology, clinical assessment, and overlapping deformities, such as malar mounds, festoons, and dark circles under the eyes. Patient and HA filler product selection, injection techniques, as well as potential adverse events, such as bruising/swelling, lower eyelid and malar edema, and vascular occlusions, are discussed. This review also highlights the importance of midfacial volumization to improve outcomes in the infraorbital region and in the overall aesthetic appearance. By selecting appropriate patients and attaining proficiency in periorbital anatomy and infraorbital hollow rejuvenation techniques, clinicians can safely and successfully perform HA filler injections that result in high patient satisfaction.

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U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the first BoNTA approval for the treatment of blepharospasm and strabismus. Currently, the FDA has approved BoNTA for treating strabismus, blepharospasm, severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis, chronic migraine, cervical dystonia, overactive bladder, and glabellar as well as lateral canthal lines. The cosmetic benefits of BoNTA were illuminated in the 1980's through the important works of Drs. Alistair and Jean Carruthers [3]. In 2002, the FDA approved BoNTA for the temporary improvement of glabellar lines (frown lines) and in 2013 for the temporary reduction of moderate to severe lateral canthal lines (crow's feet) [4]. Today, with more than 6.6 million treatments annually, BoNTA is the most frequently performed non-surgical cosmetic procedure in the U.S [5]. Its popularity, nonetheless, is not without controversy.