Objective: The hypothesis that body mass index and diet has direct influence on plasma lipids. The aims and objectives of present study were to highlight the relationship between, BMI, diet and components of lipid profile in male and female individuals. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional comparative study in which blood samples were collected from both male and female individuals. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in medical units of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Services hospital Lahore and Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur from February 2022 to November 2022. Methodology: Total 500 individuals were divided into different groups such as Group-A with 100 normal individuals were control while in Group-B 100 male individuals of 30-45 years with low fat balanced diet, in Group-C 100 male individuals with fat rich imbalanced diet, in Group-D 100 female individuals of 30-45 years with low fat balanced diet whereas in Group-E 100 female individuals with fat rich imbalanced diet were selected and BMI, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels were measured respectively. Results: The findings of present study indicated different levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins with comparative significant (P≤0.05) changes in different groups as compared with control Group-A. A remarkable changes in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels in Group-B and Group-C were seen (160.1±0.02, 112.1±0.01, 106.1±0.01, 40.1±0.01) (210.2±0.01, 152.1±0.02, 120.2±0.03, 37.4±0.01) respectively. While in Group-E as compared with Group-D the cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels (230.2±0.04, 192.1±0.02, 130.1±0.01, 42.1±0.02) (170.2±0.04, 112.1±0.02, 110.2±0.03, 50.4±0.01) were high as compared with the individuals of Group-D. Practical implication: The regular health awareness programs were not available for local population from health administration while lipid profile is directly proportional to the cardiac medical complications in all over the world. The main task of present study was to provide exact medical awareness to the people about diet related variations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL levels and ultimately it was concluded that dyslipidemia can occur in those with a normal BMI as well as those who are obese or overweight. Conclusion: The findings of current study were described that cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL levels have correlation with BMI and intake diet. Therefore comparative significant (P≤0.05) changes in fat rich imbalanced groups were seen as compared with low fat balanced diet groups. According to the findings of this study, dyslipidemia can occur in those with a normal BMI as well as those who are obese or overweight. Keywords: Body mass index, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low density lipoproteins, High density lipoproteins

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is commonest among cancer patients, required early detection to be cured. Multiple techniques are used for the diagnosis of BC but mammography is a commonly available and effective tool around the world due to its ability to diagnose BC before it becomes palpable, in reward treatment cost also decreases. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is advanced research to support medical practitioners in cancer diagnosis. Methods: In comparison to the segmentation technique our research has used “extracted BIRAD characteristics information” from the mammograms. A novel data mining approach for the BIRAD lexicon has been researched in connection with the interactive medical experience. A globally recognized dataset (DDSM) has been used. The characteristics extracted from the mammograms are processed by the data mining method to achieve critical ranges for cancer detection. Multiple classification models with peculiar characteristics have developed to detect BC at the curable stage.  Results: A total of 1863 patients with an average age of 61 years were evaluated, 48% indicated with malignancies, and 52% with benign lesions, proved with truth biopsy. Critical ranges, by the development of multiple CAD tools, showed remarkable improvement in the recall (NB; 26.9%) and precision (CART; 17.6%) along with reduced FP rate (CART; 16.7%). Conclusion: The proposed method is profitable because of the individuality of CAD with four classification models along with the practitioner’s experience and radiologist’s opinion in the early detection of BC. For avoiding unnecessary biopsies and differentiating benign and malignant tumor the BIRAD features extraction was benevolent.

Lead (Pb) is one of the toxic metals and is commonly used in industries. It affects multiple systems and has role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The objective of the present study was to determine Pb levels and to detect DNA damage in traffic wardens of Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 90 subjects were selected including 60 traffic wardens working in field and 30 working in administrative zones. The wardens who were working in field were considered as cases (exposed by the lead polluted environment) while the wardens in the administrative offices (less exposed to polluted environment) were labeled controls. Venous blood samples were collected for Pb and comet assay. In cases, the levels of Pb were 18.76±8.84 μg/dL (Mean±SD) that was higher than controls, 12.00±3.552 (p 0.000). Tail moment (TM) in cases (0.583±1.960) and controls (0.0453±0.108) significantly differed (p 0.004). There was no change in %DNA in tail and head (p 0.136). The parameters for DNA damage assessment including Comet length (CL) and Tail length (TL) were also found higher in cases than controls. Correlation of lead with other biochemical parameters including liver functions, renal functions and lipid profiles was carried out to assess the various organs/systems. The correlation was established with creatinine showing statistically significant value (p 0.019). Our findings elaborate a mild raise of lead levels in exposed group. There was no significant difference in comet length between cases and controls. Also, minor or no differences were observed in different biochemical parameters between cases and controls. These findings demonstrate dramatic improvement over the results from the study done previously in 2005 and may be attributed to the success of having lead-free petroleum as motor fuel.