The poly(o-anisidine)/BaSO4 nanocomposites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of o-anisidine monomer with BaSO4 filler for the potential antibacterial properties of the composite materials. To achieve the optimal and tunable properties of the nanocomposites, the ratio of BaSO4 filler was changed at the rates of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% with respect to matrix. Different analytical techniques, i.e., FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy, were employed for functional identification and optical absorption of the poly(o-anisidine)/BaSO4 nanocomposites. The FTIR data revealed the significant interaction between POA and BaSO4, as well as the good absorption behavior of the UV-visible spectra. The conducting properties were controllable by varying the load percentage of the BaSO4 filler. Furthermore, different bacterial strains, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the POA/BaSO4 nanocomposites. The largest zones of inhibition 0.8 and 0.9 mm were reached using 7% and 10% for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.

Glycation generates advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its intermediates, thus increasing the risk of developing various ailments including diabetes mellitus. Current study was planned to explore the antioxidant and antiglycation potential of selected nuts viz, Juglans regia (Walnut), Prunus dulcis (Almond), Pistacia vera (Pistachio), and Arachis hypogaea (Peanut), locally available and readily consumed in Faisalabad, Pakistan, for their health‐promoting properties. The prepared methanolic extracts of selected nuts were tested for biological activities including the antioxidant and antiglycation potential. The effect of these extracts against oxidation and AGE formation was evaluated by in vitro method using bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐glucose system. Juglans regia, Pistacia vera, and Arachis hypogaea were found rich in phenolics and flavonoids contents with increased reducing potential and least IC50 due to the DPPH free radical scavenging inhibition. Dose‐ and time‐dependent inhibition of glucose‐induced advanced glycation end‐product (AGE) was exhibited by fruit extracts through in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐glucose system. Juglans regia and Pistacia vera were predominantly effective in the inhibition of early and intermediary glycation products at different incubation conditions. The study indicated that the extracts of selected nuts possess significant antioxidant capacity and are rich in phenolics and flavonoids, making them useful supplements as an important part of a balanced diet.

The major interruption is going to occur in children learning at all stages of Education because of worldwide closure of Educational institutions. Such interference in formal schooling experiences adversely affect academic outcomes of school age children. This study was qualitative in nature and phenomenology research design was adopted to investigate, how COVID-19 impacted early childhood care and Education in Pakistan. Sample selected through criterion sampling, a purposive sampling method. This study was based on 17 in-depth semi-structured interviews from teachers and parents of pre-school children. The results revealed that school closure due to COVID-19 had numerous adverse effects on dropout rate of students and learning of overall and learners with low readiness. It also effected children physical, social, emotional, language and literacy skills' development. Children emotional, literacy and social, language development identified most effected, whereas physical development were the least effected, among learning competencies reported by teachers. Parental involvement also contributed in their children learning through various activities during the closure but those activities were unstructured, unplanned, limited and not fruitful to buildup learning competencies in children appropriately. Whatever children learnt during this period, their learning was non-directional. Results may help school practitioners to make resolution about how to revive these effects on early years learning and education. This study may be a stepping stone for formal schooling in the course of future pandemics.

Objective: The hypothesis that body mass index and diet has direct influence on plasma lipids. The aims and objectives of present study were to highlight the relationship between, BMI, diet and components of lipid profile in male and female individuals. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional comparative study in which blood samples were collected from both male and female individuals. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in medical units of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Services hospital Lahore and Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur from February 2022 to November 2022. Methodology: Total 500 individuals were divided into different groups such as Group-A with 100 normal individuals were control while in Group-B 100 male individuals of 30-45 years with low fat balanced diet, in Group-C 100 male individuals with fat rich imbalanced diet, in Group-D 100 female individuals of 30-45 years with low fat balanced diet whereas in Group-E 100 female individuals with fat rich imbalanced diet were selected and BMI, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels were measured respectively. Results: The findings of present study indicated different levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins with comparative significant (P≤0.05) changes in different groups as compared with control Group-A. A remarkable changes in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels in Group-B and Group-C were seen (160.1±0.02, 112.1±0.01, 106.1±0.01, 40.1±0.01) (210.2±0.01, 152.1±0.02, 120.2±0.03, 37.4±0.01) respectively. While in Group-E as compared with Group-D the cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels (230.2±0.04, 192.1±0.02, 130.1±0.01, 42.1±0.02) (170.2±0.04, 112.1±0.02, 110.2±0.03, 50.4±0.01) were high as compared with the individuals of Group-D. Practical implication: The regular health awareness programs were not available for local population from health administration while lipid profile is directly proportional to the cardiac medical complications in all over the world. The main task of present study was to provide exact medical awareness to the people about diet related variations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL levels and ultimately it was concluded that dyslipidemia can occur in those with a normal BMI as well as those who are obese or overweight. Conclusion: The findings of current study were described that cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL levels have correlation with BMI and intake diet. Therefore comparative significant (P≤0.05) changes in fat rich imbalanced groups were seen as compared with low fat balanced diet groups. According to the findings of this study, dyslipidemia can occur in those with a normal BMI as well as those who are obese or overweight. Keywords: Body mass index, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low density lipoproteins, High density lipoproteins

Background: Intrauterine life is the most pivotal period of development that determines vital outcomes in postnatal life. Diabetes Mellitus may lead to disturbed fetal growth and maternal vasculopathy resulting in placental insufficiency with subsequent development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study aims to find an association between hyperglycemia and the risk of IUGR, comparing pregnancies with IUGR with those with adequate for gestational age pregnancies. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute (FPGMI) from January 2015 to January 2016, including 106 pregnant women using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A comprises of pregnant women with adequate for gestational age pregnancies (n=53) and groups B includes pregnant women with intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies (n=53). Random blood sugar level was estimated by glucose/oxidase test and IUGR was confirmed by ultrasonography at 28-35 weeks of gestation. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine data normality and independent t-test was used to compare statistically significant difference. A p- value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean basal sugar level of group A was 98.9 ± 7.1 mg/dL and that of group B was 97.9 ± 6.0mg/dL. This mean difference was not statistically significant (p-value= 0.566). Conclusion: We found no statistically significant association between raised maternal basal glucose level and the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction at 28-35 weeks of pregnancy.