Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological state of professional male football players who were infected by COVID-19. Method: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were sent to players' smartphones by sharing a link to the questionnaire. A total of 523 professional football players aged between 18-38 years from 93 different sports clubs participated in the study. The players were divided into 2 groups according to Sars-COV-2 PCR test results. Results: Depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological distress scores of football players who were infected by COVID-19 were higher compared to players who were not infected by COVID-19 (all p < 0.001). Depression, stress, and psychological distress scores were higher for football players with higher loss of income than players with lower loss of income (p = 0.017, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, respectively). There were significant differences in anxiety, depression, and psychological distress scores in favor of the 18-22-year age group (p = 0.002, p = 0.009, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection negatively affects the psychological states of football players. The psychological states of professional football players who were infected by COVID-19 should be monitored closely and psychological support should be provided.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; köyde yaşayan bireylerin serbest zaman engelleyicilerini belirlemek için, "Köyde Rekreasyon Engelleri Ölçeğinin-KREÖ" geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Örneklem Antalya kent merkezine 12 km uzaktaki Karatepe ve Gökçam Köyünden toplam 231 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Veriler bu çalışmanın amacına uygun geliştirilen ve iki bölümden oluşan anket formu kullanılarak "yüz yüze anket" metoduyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmada KREÖ için beşli Likert ölçeği (1-Kesinlikle Beni İfade Etmiyor, …, 5-Kesinlikle Beni İfade Ediyor) kullanılmıştır. Anket formunun ikinci bölümünde yer alan Köyde Rekreasyon Engelleri maddelerinin geliştirilmesinde, Alexandris ve Carrol'ın (1997) geliştirdiği ve Türkçe uyarlamasını Karaküçük ve Gürbüz'ün (2006) yaptığı Boş Zaman Engelleri Ölçeği ve Öcal'ın (2012) geliştirdiği "Serbest Zaman fiziksel Aktivite Kısıtlayıcıları Ölçeği" maddelerinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada KMO (0.798) ve Bartlett küresellik testlerinin (X 2 =9503.612, SD=990, p=0.000) sonuçlarına göre ölçeğe açıklayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) uygulanabilir olduğu için AFA uygulanmış, modelin geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği yapılmış ve KREÖ'nin alt boyutları ortaya konulmuştur. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılığı (0.847) ve açıklanan varyans oranı %78.56 olarak bulunmuş ve sonuçlar 0.01 ve 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde sorgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ölçek toplam 11 faktörden oluşmaktadır ve sonuçlar KREÖ'nün Türk popülasyonu için geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the leisure time preferences of the university students and to examine the relationship between leisure time perception and usage of social network sites. The research was conducted in accordance with the relational screening model. The study group consists of 230 female (65.7%), 120 male (34.3%), total 350 students studying at Konya Selçuk University. As a means of data collection in the study that personal information form, activity preference form and "Social Network Sites Usage Scale" developed by Karal and Kokoç (2010) and "Leisure Time Boredom Perception Scale" (LTBPS) developed by Iso-Ahola and Weissinger and adapted to Turkish by Kara et al. (2014) was used. SPSS 16.0 statistical package program was used to evaluate the data and to find the calculated values. The data are summarized by giving percent, mean and standard deviations. Independent group t test was used for binary cluster comparisons and One Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) was used for multiple cluster comparisons due to the data showed normal distribution. Significance level in the study was taken as (p <0.05). As a result of the study, in favour of male participants in the sub-dimension of boredom from LTBPS sub-dimensions according to gender variable, in favour of male participants in all SNSUPS sub-dimensions; for 1-3 hours according to the weekly leisure time variable in the case of two of the LTBPS sub-dimensions, and SNSUPS subdimensions for 1-3 hours and 4-6 hours in sub-dimension for identification and recognition; there was no significant difference in the LTBPS sub-dimension according to the activity preference variable, but significant results were observed in all SNSUPS sub-dimension. According to the relationship test between SNSUPS and LTBPS, low and moderate positive correlations were found in all sub-dimensions of the two dimensions.

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