Background: Conventional nasal septal surgery depending on head light improves the nasal airway but leaves some complications, but with recent advancement in endoscopic approach limits the complication and improves the outcome. This is due to better visualization, improved illumination, avoiding unnecessary manipulation, limited exposure and scope for second surgery if required. Aim and objective: To assess the functional outcome of endoscopic septoplasty over conventional septoplasty. Material and method: This study was carried out in the department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery of Bangladesh Medical College Hospital and Popular Medical College Specialized Hospital over a period of 5 years (2014- 2019). Ethical clearance was obtained from Hospital authority. All consecutive patients with symptomatic deviated nasal septum who were refractory to medical treatment were included in the study. Patients were equally divided into two groups of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty. Patients & their attendants, or legal guardians (in patients of less than 18 years) were thoroughly briefed about the each operative procedure. Patients with acute rhinitis or allergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis or upper respiratory tract infection, external deformity, patients unfit for surgeries and patients not giving consent were excluded from the study. After surgery all patients were followed up monthly, 3 monthly and 6 monthly for 01 year. At each follow up visit, subjective and objective assessments were done. Objective assessment was done by Gertner-Podoshin plate and diagnostic nasal endoscopy. Results: In this study, nasal obstruction was relieved in 91% of conventional and 95% in endoscopic septoplasty group. Headache was improved in 75.68% and 86.5% patients and snoring was improved in 79.5% & 88.6% of patients of respectively. Intraoperative complications such as hemorrhage (21.67% vs 3.33%) and mucosal tear (28.33% vs 5%) are significantly higher in conventional septoplasty group than the endoscopy group. Conclusion: The use of endoscope in septal surgery improves visualization, illumination, and thus reduces complication with improved functional outcome. It can be performed in other diseases of nose and para nasal sinus diseases in the perspective of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(3): 178-184

Objective: Traditional surgeries for the deviated nasal septum improves the nasal airway but recent development and advancement of the knowledge about endoscope has changed the treatment modality significantly. Endoscopic approach under good Illumination and magnification lessen the complication. This study is done to see the advantages and limitations of endoscopic septoplasty Method: Total 120 cases of symptomatic deviated nasal septum, refractory to conservative medical treatment were randomly selected on the basis of clinical examination in a single institute. It was a prospective study, performed to see the advantages and limitations of endoscopic septoplasty. Informed written consent was taken in all cases. All the patients underwent endoscopic septoplasty under general anesthesia after proper evaluation. Results: There was a slight male predominance. 13 year child was the youngest patient and 58 was the oldest. During endoscopic septoplasty a large number of patients needed some additional surgery like, inferior turbinoplasty in 27 (22.5%), functional endoscopic sinus surgery in 11 patients (9.16%) etc. The complication rate was minimum (4.16%). Patient’s satisfaction was high. Though there were some limitations but we observed so many advantages of this procedure. Conclusion: Though conventional Septoplasty is widely practiced by most ENT surgeons till now, the endoscopic approach can be considered as a better alternative

The lips are one of the most important features of the face; and are functionally and aesthetically very important. It serves as border of the oral commissure, provides access to oral cavity and contributes to oral competence. It is important for verbal expression and fundamental for facial expression and overall appearance of face1 . Excessive sun exposure and tobacco use, may develop cancer. The cancer can occur anywhere along the upper or lower lip, but is most common on the lower lip. Most lip cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Surgery is the main stay of treatment and lip shave is an established modality for superficial lesion followed by reconstruction. Extensive surgery may be necessary for larger lesion. Careful planning and reconstruction can restore eating and speaking normally, and also achieve a satisfactory appearance after surgery. Evidence supports that the concept of lip reconstruction started as early as 1000 BC in the sacred texts of great Susruta, India2 . Lip mucosa is very special and it is recommended to reconstruct the surgical defect with lip tissue whenever possible, as any other tissue is never comparable or can replace the lip tissue3 . This is the example of this presented case.

Neurofibromas are benign, slow growing nerve sheath tumour rarely develops in the head-neck region [1]. These can arise either solitary or as a part of syndromic manifestations of neurofibromatosis type-1, which is known as Von Recklinghausen's disease [2]. World Health Organization (WHO) subdivided NF in two broad categories: Dermal and

Background and Objective: Computed Tomography (CT) is the workhorse in the nose and paranasal sinus imaging and depicts not only the complex three-dimensional anatomy, but also the extent of disease and the wide range of anatomic normal variations that are of great importance to the endoscopic septal and sinus surgery. Nasal obstruction is the most frequent presentation to the otolaryngologist all over the world with septal deviation. Septoplasty is the common surgical procedure performed in nasal septal deviation. Physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy (AR) and nasal endoscopy (NE) are considered the gold standard tools to detect septal deviation. This study aimed to find out septal deviation with associated pathologies of nose and paranasal sinuses by using CT scan.Patients and Methods: 188 patients of nasal septal deviation were selected from 2015 to 2019. Age ranged in between 10 year to 70 year of age. CT scanning in both coronal, axial and sagittal sections had been done in all patients after proper history taking, physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy. Endoscopic septoplasty alone and/or other ancillary procedures were performed in all 188 patients under general anesthesia.