This study examines the impact of fiscal policy on output and inflation, along with a look at discretionary fiscal policy and how it impacts the volatility of output and inflation. Model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was applied over quarterly data, covering the period 1990 to 2009. Empirical results showed that there is a cointegration relationship between government spending and taxes with respect to output in the long-run.Unlike government spending, in the long-term, taxation has a positive effect on economic growth. Short-term adjustment suggests that anincrease in government spending has a positive effect on output, while a tax increase has a negative effect. There is a greater influence of government spending on output in the short term compared to taxation policies. Therefore, government spending is more effective to stimulate economic growth especially in times of recession, compared to taxation policies. While the increase in government spending causes a decrease in inflation, tax increases lead to higher inflation. This study also indicates the absence of discretionary fiscal policy made by the government of Indonesia. Keywords : Inflation, output, fiscal policy, tax, discretionary, VECM.JEL Classification: E31, E62
Penelitian ini melihat dampak kebijakan fiskal terhadap output dan inflasi serta melihat apakah terdapat diskresi kebijakan fiskal dan bagaimana dampaknya terhadap volatilitas output dan inflasi. Model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM)diaplikasikan atas data triwulanan, mencakup periode 1990 - 2009. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kointegrasi antara pengeluaran pemerintah dan pajak terhadap output dalam jangka panjang. Dalam jangka panjang pengenaan pajak berdampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi sementara pengeluaran pemerintah tidak. Penyesuaian jangka pendek menunjukkan bahwa shock kenaikan pengeluaran pemerintah berdampak positif terhadap output sementara shock kenaikan pajak berdampak negatif.Lebih dominannya pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap output dalam jangka pendek dibandingkan dengan pajak menunjukkan masih cukup efektifnya kebijakan ini untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan ekonomi khususnya dalam masa resesi. Sementara itu kenaikan pengeluaran pemerintahmenyebabkan penurunan inflasi, sementara peningkatan pajak menyebabkan peningkatan inflasi. Studi ini juga menunjukkan tidak adanya diskresi kebijakan fiskal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah.Keywords: Inflation, output, fiscal policy, tax, discretionary, VECM.JEL Classification: E31, E62
This paper calculates and decomposes the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) for large and medium scale industry in Indonesia covering the period of 2000-2009. By using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, the result shows there is a shift of the supporting factors on the growth of TFP on manufacturing sector within the 2 (two) sample period. In the period of 2000-2004, efficiency change becomes the main contributor on the growth of TFP. Whereas in the period of 2005-2009, technical change becomes the main supporting factor of TFP,however it goes along with the growth of negative efficiency change or the decline of the company’s catching-up effect ability to adapt with the more advance technology. The grouping of the sample across subsectors, technical change and also efficiency change shows the declining amount of manufacture industry with superior productivity. Furthermore, the number of low and weakening catching-up industry is increasing. Keywords: Indonesian manufacturing, total factor productivity, technical change, efficiency change, economic scale change, Data Envelopment Analysis JEL Classification: L6, M11
Investasi merupakan komponen PDB dari sisi permintaan yang relatif lebih sulit untuk diprediksi pergerakannya dibandingkan dengan komponen lainnya seperti konsumsi swasta, ekspor dan impor. Indikator-indikator yang tersedia seringkali memberikan informasi yang saling bertentangan sehingga menyulitkan untuk memprediksi bagaimana gerakan investasi di masa mendatang.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suatu leading indikator investasi yang merupakan komposit dari beberapa indikator atau variabel sehingga dapat meminimalkan kesulitan dalam memprediksi arah gerakan investasi. Selain itu, dengan adanya leading indikator investasi ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi para forecaster yang menggunakan model-model ekonomi dalam memprediksi bagaimana perekonomian ke depan.Dengan menggunakan metode OECD, didapat suatu leading indikator investasi Indonesia berjangka pendek yang kemampuan prediksinya antara 1,5 sampai dengan 4,5 bulan ke depan. Dengan diketahuinya turning point baik titik puncak atau titik lembah dari leading indikator investasi dapat dilihat bagaimana kondisi investasi sampai dengan 4,5 bulan ke depan apakah dalam kondisi kontraksi ataupun ekspansi.
This paper analyzes the presence of the threshold of the real rupiah exchange rate which influences the profitability of manufacturing industry in Indonesia. By using a non-dynamics panel data over medium and large scale companies during 2001-2009, we found the threshold of 82.4 for the real rupiah exchange rate (REER). The REER index ranging from 82.24 to 101.13 with the change value between -5.01% and 20.09% (yoy) is secure for the profitability of Indonesian manufacturing industry. This paper also conform the significant affect of Total Factor Productivity on firm’s profitability. Keywords: Profitability, Manufacturing industry, exchange rateJEL classification: F1, D21, L6
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