The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown; it is a multifactorial disease. It is the most diagnosed and the second killer cancer among women. Breast cancer can be originated from tissues of breast or secondary from other organs via metastasis. Generally, cancer cells show aberrant metabolism and oxidative stress when compared to noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients. The current study aims at evaluating glutamate and glucose metabolism through GDH and LDH enzyme activities, oxidant, and antioxidative status among breast cancer patients attending referral hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Result. Catalytic activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in both serum (4.2 mU/ml, 78.6 mU/ml, and 3.3 : 1, resp.) and cancerous tissues (1.4 mU/ml, 111.7 mU/ml, and 2.15 : 1, resp.) of breast cancer patients as compared to those in serum of control group (3.15 mU/ml, 30.4 mU/ml, and 2.05 : 1, resp.) and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients (0.92 mU/ml, 70.5 mU/ml, and 1.1 : 1, resp.) (P ≤ 0.05). Correspondingly, ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione were significantly decreased in both serum (20 : 1) and cancerous tissues (23.5 : 1) of breast cancer patients when compared to those in serum of control group (104.5 : 1) and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients (70.9 : 1) (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Catalytic activities of GDH and LDH, ratios of GSH to GSSG, and concentration of TOS among breast cancer patients were significantly higher than were those among control group and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients, while TAC of breast cancer patients is significantly lower than that of control group and normal tissues of breast cancer patients.

Background: Blunt thoracic arterial injuries are among the rare causes for presentation at trauma centers. Most of the literature on these injuries is in the form of case reports and case series, with no significantly consolidated data available. Methods: A systematic review of English language case reports and case series from 2000 to 2019 was carried out using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Results: The mean patient ages were 35.9, 36.4, and 44.3 years for thoracic aorta, innominate, and subclavian artery injuries, respectively. Of the innominate artery injury patients, 89.7% were male. Motor vehicle-related injuries contributed to 50.9% of thoracic aortic injuries. A blood pressure/pulse deficit was recorded in 34.8% and 20.7% of patients with subclavian and innominate artery injuries, respectively, and chest pain and hemodynamic instability were found in 23.5% and 20.5% of aortic injury patients, respectively. Clavicular fracture was the most common associated finding in subclavian artery injury patients at 42%. Computed tomography was performed in 21.7%, 47.1%, and 27.6% of patients with subclavian artery, thoracic aorta, and innominate artery injuries, respectively. An endovascular intervention was performed in 44.1% of patients with subclavian artery injuries. Conclusion: Injury to the subclavian artery is relatively common among the older population. Blood pressure or pulse discrepancies could point to either subclavian or innominate artery injury. An endovascular intervention can be considered in all patients but must be individualized based on patient and facility factors.

Introduction. Behcet’s disease is a multisystem disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of this disease is not known, with only one case report from Ethiopia. Case Presentation. We describe a case of a 29-year-old Ethiopian male who presented to the emergency room of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital with 4 days history of back pain, recurrent history of oral and genital ulcers, right eye blindness, chronic cerebral vein thrombosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, aortic aneurysm with dissection, and positive pathergy test. He is retrospectively diagnosed with Behcet’s disease according to both the International Criteria for Behcet’s Disease (ICBD) and the International Study Group (ISG) consensus. Conclusion. Even if Behcet’s disease is rare in sub-Saharan Africa, it is important to know the clinical presentation for timely diagnosis and urgent management.