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Pricing in 3G and other communication networks may control and manage the utilisation of network resources. The available network resources get strained with increased usage levels, which results in poor service to the users. Most users prefer receiving high quality services at affordable costs. This requires the provision of QoS guarantees for network services at a low cost. In a real business scenario, this relationship is hard to achieve; moreover revenue sources for network operators have been shifting from the provision of network access to provisioning of rich services, e.g. multimedia services. To attain a functional compromise, we propose a pricing scheme that relies on service profiles to manage resource utilisation in a DiffServ-enabled 3G network. The service profiles define the QoS achieved for accessing services through a common resource pool, in which resource sharing is used to maximise network resource utilisation, user satisfaction and profits for the network operators. In an NGN scenario users would select pricing profiles according to their budgets, and the network will map these profiles to a set of QoS options that may translate to the choice of an access network for service access. In this paper, we present the mathematical model of the proposed pricing scheme, the proposed design of an evaluation framework, QoS performance results, and a service provisioning scenario illustrating the applicability of the proposed pricing scheme.

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Mobile Network Operators provide wireless communication services to their customers using their own network infrastructures. For providers, in particular in low income countries, access to latest network functions to offer 4G/5G services can be a large burden as this is directly impacted by financial restrictions of operators. Although some network sharing solutions between operators to reduce the total cost of ownership exist in standards and literature, none address specific requirements of the operating environment of low income countries. In our approach, we are exploiting the raising interest in the cloudification of the related infrastructure, namely Network Function Virtualization (NFV) over Software Defined Networks (SDN), to allow each operator in these countries to offer specific network functions as a service in a federation in order to share them and to increase their revenue. Initial results are presented based on the development of a commercial toolkit (OpenSDNCore) and a federated testbed research project (TRESCIMO). As a result, we define the notion of a Mobile Federated Network Operator (MFNO) and provide an analysis of the underlying requirements for such a use case and potential approaches to address them.

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