Background: Nutritional anemia particularly iron deficiency anemia comprise a major public health problem in India. Precise diagnosis is necessary for the correct treatment as the multiple coexisting morbid chronic inflammatory conditions seen in these cases gives erroneous biochemical results. Microscopic assessment of bone marrow iron is considered to be the the gold standard. However, the conventional Gale's method cannot differentiate between the iron deficient cases and functional iron deficiency. This is made possible by the newer intensive method of iron assessment in the present study. Aim: To compare the assessment of iron status by Gale's and Intensive method on bone marrow aspirate smears in cases of anemia. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 117 cases of all age groups and both sexes, having haemoglobin < 10mg/dl were included in the study. Bone marrow aspiration was done and iron assessment was done by both the Gale's and Intensive method. Serum ferritin was also done in 23 out of 117 cases to serve as a control. However, it was not a part of the study. Results: Gale's method revealed hypoferrimic state in 29.1% cases and normal iron stores in 70.9% cases. Iron deficient status was further reduced to 6.83% cases by the intensive method of iron assessment. Maximum number of cases had functional iron deficiency by the intensive method.

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Collision tumors involving ovaries are extremely rare. Here, we report this rare entity in a 23 years old primigravida presented with 12 weeks pregnancy and abdominal pain. Ultrasonography showed large right adnexal mass measuring 20 x 13 cm. having solid area with multiple cysts and bulky left ovary of 6 x 4.6 cm. Normal ovarian tissue was preserved after bilateral ovarian cystectomy. Grossly, right ovarian tissue revealed multiloculation and mucin filled cysts. Left ovarian cyst was filled with hairy pultaceous material. Histological diagnosis of collision tumor of right ovary comprising hemorrhagic mucinous cystadenoma and benign cystic teratoma along with dermoid cyst in left ovary was rendered. The pathogenesis of association of mature cystic teratoma with a mucinous cystadenoma has yet to be answered and the choice of management necessitates a weighing of risks based on characterization of the adnexal mass and gestational age.

BACKGROUND Cytopenia (bicytopenia / pancytopenia) in paediatric age group patients presents with variable clinical features from pallor, fever to organomegaly. Causes vary from megaloblastic anaemia to fatal leukaemias. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the etiological and clinico-haematological profile in children with bicytopenia and pancytopenia. METHODS The present retrospective study was carried out in the section of haematology, Department of Pathology of Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Dehradun. All paediatric cases (up to 18 yrs.) with bone marrow examination, that were presented as bicytopenia or pancytopenia by routine haematological investigations were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 126 cases were included in the study, out of which, bone marrow aspiration was done in all 126 cases and trephine biopsy was done in only 78 cases. In our study, bicytopenia and pancytopenia was seen in 57.9 % and 42.1 % cases respectively. Most cases were recorded in 2nd decade. Pallor and fever were frequently observed clinical features in both cytopenias. Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly were observed more in bicytopenia (34.2 %, 28.8 % and 27.4 % respectively). Bleeding and petechial rash were more common in pancytopenia (30.2 % and 20.8 % respectively). Anaemia and thrombocytopenia (67.1 %) were commonest combinations of bicytopenia followed by anaemia and leucopenia (26.0 %) and thrombocytopenia and leucopenia (6.8 %). CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy are important diagnostic tools in evaluating the cases of cytopenia. Both procedures are complementary to each other. KEY WORDS Bicytopenia, Pancytopenia, Megaloblastic Anaemia, Leukemia, Children

Objective: The present study evaluates the immunoexpression of p16 and Ki-67 in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and carcinomas and correlates their expression with clinicopathological features and HPV-DNA status. Material and Methods: A total 36 included cases of SIL and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were subjected to p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining. p16 staining was evaluated depending on grading, distribution, localization pattern, intensity and IHC score. Ki-67 expression was graded based on percentage of positive cells. Results: Incidence of HSIL and SCC cases was found to be significantly increased with parity > 5. p16 grade III diffuse nucleocytoplasmic immunostaining was observed in 62.5% LSIL, 80% HSIL and 87% SCC cases. Significant association of p16 staining intensity, IHC score and Ki-67 indices was noted with increasing grades of SILs and carcinomas. Conclusion: Our experience indicates that a combination of p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining may be useful to determine the severity of dysplastic change.